UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005

or
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from ________________________ to ________________________
 
Commission File Number: 001-31458
 
NEWCASTLE INVESTMENT CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland
 
81-0559116
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
or organization)
   

1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
10105
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 798-6100 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:

Title of each class:
 
Name of exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
 
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
9.75% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share
 
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
8.05% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share
 
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. xYes   o No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  o  Yes  xNo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   xYes    oNo

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this form 10-K o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

Large Accelerated Filer x Accelerated Filer o  Non-accelerated Filer o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). (Check One): o Yes xNo

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2005 (computed based on the closing price on such date as reported on the NYSE) was: $1,231.1 million.
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the last practicable date.

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share: 43,967,409 outstanding as of March 6, 2006.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

 
1.
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the Registrant’s 2006 annual meeting, to be filed within 120 days after the close of the Registrant’s fiscal year, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 


NEWCASTLE INVESTMENT CORP.
FORM 10-K
 
INDEX
 
   
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94

 
-i-


PART I
Item 1. Business.

Overview

Newcastle Investment Corp. (“Newcastle”) is a real estate investment and finance company. We invest in real estate securities, loans and other real estate related assets. We seek to deliver stable dividends and attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders through prudent asset selection, active management and the use of match funded financing structures, which reduce our interest rate and financing risks. We make money by optimizing our “net spread,” the difference between the yield on our investments and the cost of financing these investments. We emphasize asset quality, diversification, match funded financing and credit risk management.

Our investment activities cover four distinct categories:

1)
Real Estate Securities:
We underwrite and acquire a diversified portfolio of moderately credit sensitive real estate securities, including commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS), senior unsecured REIT debt issued by property REITs, real estate related asset backed securities (ABS) and agency residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS). We generally target investments rated A through BB, except for our agency RMBS which are generally considered AAA rated. As of December 31, 2005, our investments in real estate securities represented 80% of our assets.
     
2)
Real Estate Related Loans:
We acquire and originate loans to well capitalized real estate owners with strong track records and compelling business plans, including B-notes, mezzanine loans, bank loans, and real estate loans. As of December 31, 2005, our investments in real estate related loans represented 9% of our assets.
     
3)
Residential Mortgage Loans:
We acquire residential mortgage loans, including manufactured housing loans and subprime residential loans, that we believe will produce attractive risk-adjusted returns. As of December 31, 2005, our investments in residential mortgage loans represented 10% of our assets. In addition, we acquired a $1.5 billion portfolio of subprime residential loans subsequent to year end, as described in “Our Investing Activities- Residential Mortgage Loans” below.
     
4)
Operating Real Estate:
We acquire direct and indirect interests in operating real estate. As of December 31, 2005, our investments in operating real estate represented 1% of our assets.

In addition, Newcastle had uninvested cash and other miscellaneous net assets which represented less than 1% of our assets at December 31, 2005.

Underpinning our investment activities is a disciplined approach to acquiring, financing and actively managing our assets. Our principal objective is to acquire a highly diversified portfolio of debt investments secured by real estate that has moderate credit risk and sufficient liquidity. Newcastle primarily utilizes a match funded financing strategy in order to minimize refinancing and interest rate risks. This means that we seek both to match the maturities of our debt obligations with the maturities of our investments, in order to minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our assets, and to match the interest rates on our investments with like-kind debt (i.e. floating or fixed), in order to reduce the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings. Finally, we actively manage credit exposure through portfolio diversification and ongoing asset selection and surveillance. Newcastle, through its manager, has a dedicated team of senior investment professionals experienced in real estate capital markets, structured finance and asset management. We believe that these critical skills position us well not only to make prudent investment decisions but also to monitor and manage the credit profile of our investments.
 
Newcastle’s stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NCT”. Newcastle is a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes and is externally managed and advised by its manager, Fortress Investment Group LLC. Fortress is a global alternative investment and asset management firm with approximately $19 billion of capital under management as of March 6, 2006. Fortress was founded in 1998 and today employs over 400 people. We believe that our manager’s expertise and significant business relationships with participants in the fixed income, structured finance and real estate industries has enhanced our access to investment opportunities which may not be broadly marketed. For its services, our manager receives a management fee and incentive compensation pursuant to a management agreement. Our manager, through its affiliates, and its principals owned 2.9 million shares of our common stock and had options to purchase an additional 1.2 million shares of our common stock, which were issued in connection with our equity offerings, representing approximately 9.1% of our common stock on a fully diluted basis, as of March 6, 2006.
 
-1-


Our Strategy

Newcastle’s investment strategy focuses predominantly on debt investments secured by real estate. We do not have specific policies as to the allocation among type of real estate related assets or investment categories since our investment decisions depend on changing market conditions. Instead, we focus on relative value and in-depth risk/reward analysis with an emphasis on asset quality, liquidity and diversification. Our focus on relative value means that assets which may be unattractive under particular market conditions may, if priced appropriately to compensate for risks such as projected defaults and prepayments, become attractive relative to other available investments. We utilize a match funded financing strategy and active credit risk management to optimize our returns.

Our investment portfolio had the following characteristics (dollars in thousands):
 
   
Total Portfolio (1)
 
Core Investment Portfolio (2)
 
   
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2005
 
2004
 
Face amount
 
$
6,111,464
 
$
4,493,274
 
$
5,413,142
 
$
4,294,092
 
Percentage of total assets
   
99
%
 
91
%
 
87
%
 
87
%
Weighted average asset yield
   
6.59
%
 
5.91
%
 
6.85
%
 
5.98
%
Weighted average liability cost
   
5.12
%
 
4.15
%
 
5.22
%
 
4.17
%
Weighted average net spread
   
1.47
%
 
1.76
%
 
1.63
%
 
1.81
%
                           

(1)
Excluding the ICH loans, as described below.
(2)
Excluding the ICH loans and Agency RMBS, as described below.
 
Asset Quality and Diversification

As of December 31, 2005, our core investment portfolio (as defined above) had an overall weighted average credit rating of approximately BB+, and approximately 67% had an investment grade rating (BBB- or higher).

At December 31, 2005, our residential mortgage loan portfolio was characterized by high credit quality borrowers with a weighted average Fair Isaac & Co. Credit (“FICO”) score of 712 at origination. As of December 31, 2005, approximately $282.6 million face amount of our residential mortgage loans were held in securitized form, of which over 90% of the principal balance was AAA rated.

Our real estate securities and loan portfolios are diversified by asset type, industry, location and issuer. At December 31, 2005, our core investment portfolio (as defined above) had 534 real estate securities and loans. The largest investment in our core investment portfolio was $138.8 million and its average investment size was $9.0 million at December 31, 2005. The weighted average credit spread on this portfolio (i.e. the yield premium on our investments over the comparable U.S. Treasury rate or LIBOR) was 2.61% as of December 31, 2005. Furthermore, our real estate securities are supported by pools of underlying loans. For instance, our CMBS investments had over 21,000 underlying loans at December 31, 2005.

Our residential and manufactured housing loans were well diversified with 919 loans and 7,067 loans, respectively, at December 31, 2005. We expect that this diversification will help to minimize the risk of capital loss, and will also enhance the terms of our financing structures.

Financing Strategy and Match Funded Discipline

We employ leverage in order to achieve our return objectives. We do not have a predetermined target debt to equity ratio as we believe the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we are financing depends on the credit quality of those assets. As of December 31, 2005, our debt to equity ratio was approximately 5.7 to 1. We maintain access to a broad array of capital resources in an effort to insulate our business from potential fluctuations in the availability of capital. We utilize multiple forms of financing including collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), which represent 68% of our debt obligations, other securitizations, and term loans, as well as short term financing in the form of repurchase agreements and our credit facility. Our manager may elect for us to bear a level of refinancing risk on a short term or longer term basis, such as is the case with investments financed with repurchase agreements, when based on all of the relevant factors, bearing such risk is advisable. As of December 31, 2005, approximately 20% of our debt obligations were in the form of repurchase agreements. We utilize leverage for the sole purpose of financing our portfolio and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in interest rates.

We attempt to reduce interim refinancing risk and to minimize exposure to interest rate fluctuations through the use of match funded financing structures whereby we seek (i) to match the maturities of our debt obligations with the maturities of our assets and (ii) to match the interest rates on our investments with like-kind debt (i.e., floating rate assets are financed with floating rate debt and fixed rate assets are financed with fixed rate debt), directly or through the use of interest rate swaps, caps or other financial instruments, or through a combination of these strategies. This allows us to minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our assets and to reduce the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings. Our entire portfolio of assets and related liabilities had weighted average lives of 5.10 years and 4.59 years, respectively, as of December 31, 2005. In addition, as of December 31, 2005, a 100 basis point increase in short term interest rates would decrease our earnings by approximately $0.2 million per annum.
 
-2-


Credit Risk Management

Credit risk refers to each individual borrower’s ability to make required interest and principal payments on the scheduled due dates. We believe, based on our due diligence process, that our investments offer attractive risk-adjusted returns with long term principal protection under a variety of default and loss scenarios. We minimize credit risk by actively monitoring our investments and their underlying credit quality and, where appropriate, repositioning our investments to upgrade their credit quality and yield. A significant portion of our investments are financed with collateralized bond obligations, known as CBOs. Our CBO financings offer us structural flexibility to buy and sell certain investments to manage risk and, subject to certain limitations, to optimize returns.

Further, the expected yield on our real estate securities, which comprise a significant portion of our assets, is sensitive to the performance of the underlying loans, the first risk of default and loss is borne by the more subordinated securities or other features of the securitization transaction, in the case of commercial mortgage and asset backed securities, and the issuer’s underlying equity and subordinated debt, in the case of senior unsecured REIT debt securities.

Formation

We were formed in June 2002 as a subsidiary of Newcastle Investment Holdings Corp. Prior to our initial public offering, Newcastle Investment Holdings contributed to us certain assets and related liabilities in exchange for approximately 16.5 million shares of our common stock. For accounting purposes, this transaction is presented as a reverse spin-off, whereby Newcastle Investment Corp. is treated as the continuing entity and the assets that were retained by Newcastle Investment Holdings and not contributed to us are accounted for as if they were distributed at their historical book basis through a spin-off to Newcastle Investment Holdings. Our operations commenced in July 2002. In May 2003, Newcastle Investment Holdings distributed to its stockholders all of the shares of our common stock that it owned, and it no longer owns any of our equity.

The following table presents information on shares of our common stock issued since our formation:

Year
 
Shares Issued
 
Range of Issue
Prices (1)
 
Net Proceeds
(millions)
 
Formation
   
16,488,517
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
2002
   
7,000,000
 
$
13.00
 
$
80.0
 
2003
   
7,886,316
 
$
20.35-$22.85
 
$
163.4
 
2004
   
8,484,648
 
$
26.30-$31.40
 
$
224.3
 
2005
   
4,053,928
 
$
29.60
 
$
108.2
 
December 31, 2005
   
43,913,409
             
                     

(1)
Excludes prices of shares issued pursuant to the exercise of options and shares issued to Newcastle's independent directors.

-3-


Our Investing Activities

Information regarding our business segments is provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements which appear in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
 
The following is a description of our investments as of December 31, 2005.

Real Estate Securities

We own a diversified portfolio of moderately credit sensitive real estate securities, which was comprised of the following at December 31, 2005 (dollars in thousands):
 
               
Weighted Average
 
Asset Type
 
Current Face Amount
 
Carrying
Value
 
Number of
Securities
 
S&P Equivalent
Rating
 
Coupon
 
Yield
 
Maturity (Years)
 
CMBS-Conduit
 
$
1,455,345
 
$
1,397,329
   
197
   
BBB-
   
5.84
%
 
6.61
%
 
7.87
 
CMBS-Large Loan
   
578,331
   
584,163
   
61
   
BBB-
   
6.64
%
 
6.75
%
 
2.10
 
CMBS-B Note
   
180,201
   
180,631
   
32
   
BBB-
   
6.62
%
 
6.95
%
 
5.97
 
Unsecured REIT Debt
   
916,262
   
942,746
   
99
   
BBB-
   
6.34
%
 
5.96
%
 
6.95
 
ABS-Manufactured
  Housing
   
178,915
   
163,066
   
10
   
A-
   
7.12
%
 
8.65
%
 
6.64
 
ABS-Home Equity
   
525,004
   
524,477
   
89
   
B
   
6.03
%
 
6.10
%
 
3.16
 
ABS-Franchise
   
70,837
   
69,622
   
18
   
BBB+
   
6.66
%
 
8.12
%
 
5.14
 
Agency RMBS
   
698,322
   
692,485
   
19
   
AAA
   
4.76
%
 
4.67
%
 
4.90
 
Total/Average
 
$
4,603,217
 
$
4,554,519
   
525
   
BBB+
   
5.99
%
 
6.25
%
 
5.81
 
 
The loans underlying our real estate securities were diversified by industry as follows at December 31, 2005:
       
Industry
 
% of Face
Amount
 
Residential
   
40.42
%
Retail
   
21.03
%
Office
   
18.73
%
Lodging
   
5.70
%
Health Care
   
4.73
%
Industrial
   
3.63
%
Other
   
5.76
%
 
We enter into short term warehouse agreements pursuant to which we make deposits with major investment banks for the right to purchase commercial mortgage backed securities, unsecured REIT debt, real estate loans and real estate related asset backed securities for our real estate securities portfolios, prior to their being financed with CBOs. These agreements are treated as non-hedge derivatives for accounting purposes and are therefore marked to market through current income. The cost to us if the related CBO is not consummated is limited, except where the non-consummation results from our gross negligence, willful misconduct or breach of contract, to payment of the Net Loss, if any, as defined, up to the related deposit, less any Excess Carry Amount, as defined, earned on such deposit. The income recorded on these agreements was approximately $2.4 million, $3.1 million, and $3.6 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
 
-4-


Real Estate Related Loans

We directly owned the following real estate related loans at December 31, 2005 (dollars in thousands):
 
Loan Type
 
Current
Face Amount
 
Carrying
Value
 
Loan Count
 
Weighted Avg. Yield
 
Weighted Avg.
Maturity (Years)
 
B-Notes
 
$
72,173
 
$
72,520
   
13
   
8.46
%
 
2.40
 
Mezzanine Loans (1)
   
302,740
   
302,816
   
8
   
8.44
%
 
1.94
 
Bank Loans
   
56,274
   
56,563
   
3
   
6.58
%
 
2.51
 
Real Estate Loans
   
23,082
   
22,364
   
1
   
20.02
%
 
2.00
 
ICH Loans (2)
   
165,514
   
161,288
   
96
   
8.64
%
 
1.55
 
Total
 
$
619,783
 
$
615,551
   
121
   
8.74
%
 
1.94
 
                                 

(1)
One of these loans has a contractual exit fee which Newcastle will begin to accrue if and when management believes it is probable that such exit fee will be received.
(2)
In October 2003, pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” we consolidated an entity that holds a portfolio of commercial mortgage loans which has been securitized. This investment, which we refer to as ICH, was previously treated as a non-consolidated residual interest in such securitization. The primary effect of the consolidation is the requirement that we reflect the gross loan assets and gross bonds payable of this entity on our balance sheet, as well as the related gross interest income and expense in our statement of income.

We also indirectly owned the following interests in real estate related loans at December 31, 2005:

In November 2003, we co-invested, on equal terms, in a joint venture alongside an affiliate of our manager which acquired a pool of franchise loans collateralized by fee and leasehold interests and other assets. We, and our manager’s affiliate, each own an approximately 38% interest in the joint venture. The remaining approximately 24% interest is owned by a third party financial institution. Our investment totaled $17.8 million at December 31, 2005 and is reflected as an investment in an unconsolidated subsidiary on our consolidated balance sheet.

Our relative interest in these franchise loans is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Current
Face Amount
 
Carrying Value
 
Loan Count
 
Weighted Avg. Yield
 
$             28,974
 
$
17,802
   
91
   
16.08
%
 
We have entered into arrangements with a major investment bank to finance certain loans whereby we receive the sum of all interest, fees and any positive change in value amounts (the total return cash flows) from a reference asset with a specified notional amount, and pay interest on such notional plus any negative change in value amounts from such asset. These agreements are recorded in Derivative Assets and treated as non-hedge derivatives for accounting purposes and are therefore mark to market through income. Net interest received is recorded to Interest Income and the mark to market is recorded to Other Income. If we owned the reference assets directly, they would not be marked to market. Under the agreements, we are required to post an initial margin deposit to an interest bearing account and additional margin may be payable in the event of a decline in value of the reference asset. Any margin on deposit, less any negative change in value amounts, will be returned to us upon termination of the contract. The following table presents information on these instruments as of December 31, 2005.

Reference
Asset
 
Notional
Amount
 
Margin
Amount
 
Receive
Interest Rate
 
Pay
Interest Rate
 
Maturity Date
 
Fair Value
 
Term loan to a retail mall
    REIT
 
$
106,083
 
$
18,149
   
LIBOR + 2.000%
 
 
LIBOR + 0.500%
 
 
Nov 2008
 
$
1,008
 
Term loan to a diversified real estate and finance company
   
97,997
   
19,599
   
LIBOR + 3.000%
 
 
LIBOR + 0.625%
 
 
Feb 2008
   
877
 
Mezzanine loan to a hotel company
   
15,000
   
5,224
   
LIBOR +4.985%
 
 
LIBOR + 1.350%
 
 
Jun 2007
   
101
 
Term loan to a diversified real estate company
   
94,954
   
9,495
   
LIBOR +1.750%
 
 
LIBOR + 0.500%
 
 
Aug 2007
   
904
 
Term loan to a retail company
   
100,000
   
19,960
   
LIBOR +3.000%
 
 
LIBOR + 0.500%
 
 
Dec 2008
   
206
 
   
$
414,034
 
$
72,427
                   
$
3,096
 

 
-5-


Residential Mortgage Loans

We own portfolios of floating rate residential mortgage loans and manufactured housing loans on properties located in the U.S. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our residential mortgage loan portfolios at December 31, 2005 (dollars in thousands):

 
Current
Face
Amount
 
Carrying
Value
 
Loan Count
 
Weighted Avg.
Yield
 
Weighted Avg.
Maturity (Years) (1)
 
Residential loans
 
$
326,100
 
$
333,226
   
919
   
4.79
%
 
2.73
 
Manufactured housing loans
   
284,870
   
267,456
   
7,067
   
7.84
%
 
5.78
 
Total
 
$
610,970
 
$
600,682
   
7,986
   
6.15
%
 
4.15
 
 

(1)
Weighted average maturity was calculated based on a constant prepayment rate (CPR) of approximately 30% for residential loans and 10% for manufactured housing loans.

 
In March 2006, a consolidated subsidiary of ours acquired a portfolio of approximately 11,300 subprime residential mortgage loans for $1.50 billion. The loans, substantially all of which were current at the time of acquisition, are 66% floating rate and 34% fixed rate. Their weighted average coupon is 7.6% and the loans have a weighted average remaining term of 345 months. This acquisition was initially funded with an approximately $1.47 billion repurchase agreement which bears interest at LIBOR + 0.50%. We have entered into an interest rate swap in order to hedge our exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates with respect to this debt. We expect to finance this investment on a long term basis through the securitization markets in upcoming months.
 
-6-


Operating Real Estate

We own operating real estate located in Canada which is subject, in addition to all risks inherent in real estate investments generally, to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, political and economic instability in certain geographic locations, difficulties in managing international operations, potentially adverse tax consequences, enhanced accounting and control expenses and the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws. A change in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely impact returns on our non-dollar denominated investments. Our only currency exposures are to the Canadian Dollar. Changes in the currency rates can adversely impact the fair values and earnings streams of our international holdings. We generally do not directly hedge our foreign currency risk through the use of derivatives, due to, among other things, REIT qualification issues.

Bell Canada Portfolio. At December 31, 2005, we owned one office property which was leased primarily to Bell Canada.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the operating real estate as of December 31, 2005
(dollars, others than per square foot amounts, in thousands):
                     
Property Address
 
City / Submarket
 
State/ Province
 
Net Rentable
Sq Ft
 
Year Built/ Renovated
 
Use
             
100 Dundas St.
 
London (Central
business district)
 
ON
 
323,411
 
1980
 
Office
             
                 
Tenant
 
% of Total Sq Ft Leased
 
Tenant Net Rentable Sq Ft
 
Lease Start
Date
 
Lease End
Date
 
Annual Rent
(1) (2)
 
Current Rent per Sq Ft (1)
 
Annual Real Estate Taxes (1)
 
Tenant Credit Rating
 
Bell Canada - Office
   
89.89
%
 
290,706
   
03/26/98
   
3/31/06 (4
)
$
1,751
 
$
6.02
 
$
1,146
   
A
 
Bell Canada - Storage
   
3.99
%
 
12,890
   
03/26/98
   
03/31/06
   
55
   
4.30
       
A
 
Bell Canada - Communication
   
0.52
%
 
1,686
   
03/26/98
   
03/31/47
   
29
   
17.21
       
A
 
Mactel
   
0.16
%
 
519
   
03/01/03
   
(3)
 
 
4
   
6.88
         
Tony & Fay Gardiner
   
0.15
%
 
475
   
09/01/02
   
08/31/07
   
4
   
9.04
         
O&Y Enterprise Office
   
0.46
%
 
1,478
   
03/26/98
   
03/31/06
   
13
   
9.04
         
COMTECH
   
0.03
%
 
96
   
01/01/00
   
(3)
 
 
1
   
6.88
         
Vacant
   
N/A
   
15,561
   
N/A
   
N/A
   
N/A
   
N/A
   
   
   
    
 
Total
   
95.20
%
 
323,411
   
    
   
    
 
$
1,857
   
    
 
$
1,146
   
    
 
 
Schedule of Lease Expirations (dollars in thousands):
 
Year
 
Number of Tenant
Leases Expiring
 
Square Feet of
Expiring Leases
 
Annual Rent of
Expiring Leases (1)
 
% of Gross Annual
Rent Represented
by Expiring Leases
 
                   
Vacant
   
N/A
   
15,561
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
2006 (4)
   
5
   
305,689
 
$
1,824
   
98.2
%
2007
   
1
   
475
   
4
   
0.2
%
2047
   
1
   
1,686
   
29
   
1.6
%
Total
   
7
   
323,411
 
$
1,857
   
100.0
%
                           

(1)
Monetary amounts are in U.S. dollars based on the December 31, 2005 Canadian dollar exchange rate of 1.1620.
(2)
Certain operating expenses are reimbursed by tenants at rates ranging up to 15% above actual cost.
(3)
These leases are running month to month.
(4)
184,504 square feet have been released to Bell Canada for six years commencing in April 2006 for $6.02 per square foot per annum, before adjustment for lease incentives, with one five year renewal option.
 
 
-7-

 
We also indirectly owned the following interest in operating real estate at December 31, 2004:

In March 2004, we purchased a 49% interest in a portfolio of convenience and retail gas stores located throughout the southeastern and southwestern regions of the U.S. The properties are subject to a sale-leaseback arrangement under long term triple net leases with a 15 year minimum term. Circle K Stores Inc. (“Tenant”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. (“ACT”), is the counterparty under the leases. ACT guarantees the obligations of Tenant under the leases. We structured this transaction through a joint venture in two limited liability companies with a private investment fund managed by an affiliate of our manager, pursuant to which it co-invested on equal terms. One company held assets available for sale, the last of which was sold in September 2005, and one holds assets for investment. In October 2004, the investment’s initial financing was refinanced with a non-recourse term loan ($53.0 million outstanding at December 31, 2005), which bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.04%. The required payments under the loan consist of interest only during the first two years, followed by a 25-year amortization schedule with a balloon payment due in October 2014. At December 31, 2005, we had a $12.2 million investment in this entity.

Our Financing and Hedging Activities

We employ leverage in order to achieve our return objectives. We do not have a predetermined target debt to equity ratio as we believe the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we are financing depends on the credit quality of those assets. As of December 31, 2005, our debt to equity ratio was approximately 5.7 to 1. We maintain access to a broad array of capital resources in an effort to insulate our business from potential fluctuations in the availability of capital. We utilize multiple forms of financing including collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), other securitizations, and term loans, as well as short term financing in the form of repurchase agreements and our credit facility. Our manager may elect for us to bear a level of refinancing risk on a short term or longer term basis, such as is the case with investments financed with repurchase agreements, when, based on all of the relevant factors, bearing such risk is advisable. We utilize leverage for the sole purpose of financing our portfolio and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in interest rates.

We attempt to reduce interim refinancing risk and to minimize exposure to interest rate fluctuations through the use of match funded financing structures whereby we seek (i) to match the maturities of our debt obligations with the maturities of our assets and (ii) to match the interest rates on our investments with like-kind debt (i.e., floating rate assets are financed with floating rate debt and fixed rate assets are financed with fixed rate debt), directly or through the use of interest rate swaps, caps or other financial instruments, or through a combination of these strategies. This allows us to minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our assets and to reduce the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings.

We enter into hedging transactions to protect our positions from interest rate fluctuations and other changes in market conditions. These transactions may include interest rate swaps, the purchase or sale of interest rate collars, caps or floors, options, mortgage derivatives and other hedging instruments. These instruments may be used to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as our manager determines is in the best interest of our stockholders, given the cost of such hedges and the need to maintain our status as a REIT. Our manager elects to have us bear a level of interest rate risk that could otherwise be hedged when our manager believes, based on all relevant facts, that bearing such risks is advisable. We have extensive experience in hedging with these types of instruments. We engage in hedging for the purpose of protecting against interest rate risk and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in interest rates.

Further details regarding our hedging activities are presented in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk-Fair Value.”
 
-8-


Debt Obligations

The following table presents certain summary information regarding our debt obligations and related hedges as of December 31, 2005 (unaudited) (dollars in thousands):
 
Debt Obligation
 
Current
Face
Amount
 
Carrying
Value
 
 
Weighted Average
Funding
Cost (1)
 
 
Weighted Average Maturity
(Years)
 
Face
Amount
of
Floating
Rate Debt
 
Collateral
Carrying
Value
 
Collateral Weighted Average Maturity
(Years)
 
Face
Amount
of Floating Rate Collateral
 
Aggregate
Notional
Amount of
Current Hedges
 
CBO Bonds Payable
 
$
3,560,953
 
$
3,530,384
   
5.27
%
 
6.55
 
$
3,275,603
 
$
4,002,158
   
5.86
 
$
1,107,164
 
$
1,960,808
 
Other Bonds Payable
   
353,330
   
353,330
   
5.94
%
 
0.63
   
215,624
   
428,744
   
4.23
   
9,961
   
227,576
 
Notes Payable
   
260,441
   
260,441
   
4.70
%
 
1.21
   
260,441
   
288,683
   
2.69
   
282,589
   
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
1,048,203
   
1,048,203
   
4.68
%
 
0.10
   
1,048,203
   
1,170,435
   
4.29
   
341,591
   
755,368
 
Credit Facility
   
20,000
   
20,000
   
6.86
%
 
2.55
   
20,000
   
   
   
   
 
Total debt obligations
 
$
5,242,927
 
$
5,212,358
   
5.17
%
 
4.59
 
$
4,819,871
 
$
5,890,020
   
5.27
 
$
1,741,305
 
$
2,943,752
 
                                                         

(1)
Including the effect of applicable hedges.
 
Further details regarding our debt obligations are presented in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Investment Guidelines

Our general investment guidelines, adopted by our board of directors, include:

 
·
no investment is to be made which would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT;
 
 
·
no investment is to be made which would cause us to be regulated as an investment company;
 
 
·
no more than 20% of our total equity, determined as of the date of such investment, is to be invested in any single asset;
 
 
·
our leverage is not to exceed 90% of the sum of our total debt and our total equity; and
 
 
·
we are not to co-invest with the manager or any of its affiliates unless (i) our co-investment is otherwise in accordance with these guidelines and (ii) the terms of such co-investment are at least as favorable to us as to the manager or such affiliate (as applicable) making such co-investment.

In addition, our manager is required to seek the approval of the independent members of our board of directors before we engage in a material transaction with another entity managed by our manager or any of its affiliates. These investment guidelines may be changed by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders.

The Management Agreement

We are party to a management agreement with Fortress Investment Group, dated as of June 6, 2002, as amended on March 4, 2003, pursuant to which Fortress Investment Group, our manager, provides for the day-to-day management of our operations.

The management agreement requires our manager to manage our business affairs in conformity with the policies and the investment guidelines that are approved and monitored by our board of directors. Our manager’s management is under the direction of our board of directors. The manager is responsible for (i) the purchase and sale of real estate securities and other real estate related assets, (ii) the financing of our real estate securities and other real estate related assets, (iii) management of our real estate, including arranging for purchases, sales, leases, maintenance and insurance, (iv) the purchase, sale and servicing of loans for us, and (v) investment advisory services. Our manager is responsible for our day-to-day operations and performs (or causes to be performed) such services and activities relating to our assets and operations as may be appropriate.
 
-9-

 
We pay our manager an annual management fee equal to 1.5% of our gross equity, as defined in the agreement. The management agreement provides that we will reimburse our manager for various expenses incurred by our manager or its officers, employees and agents on our behalf, including costs of legal, accounting, tax, auditing, administrative and other similar services rendered for us by providers retained by our manager or, if provided by our manager’s employees, in amounts which are no greater than those which would be payable to outside professionals or consultants engaged to perform such services pursuant to agreements negotiated on an arm’s-length basis.

To provide an incentive for our manager to enhance the value of our common stock, our manager is entitled to receive an incentive return (the “Incentive Compensation”) on a cumulative, but not compounding, basis in an amount equal to the product of (A) 25% of the dollar amount by which (1) (a) our funds from operations, as defined (before the Incentive Compensation) per share of common stock (based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding) plus (b) gains (or losses) from debt restructuring and from sales of property and other assets per share of common stock (based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding), exceed (2) an amount equal to (a) the weighted average of the price per share of common stock in our initial public offering and the value attributed to the net assets transferred to us by Newcastle Investment Holdings, and in any of our subsequent offerings (adjusted for prior capital dividends or capital distributions) multiplied by (b) a simple interest rate of 10% per annum (divided by four to adjust for quarterly calculations) multiplied by (B) the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.

The management agreement provides for automatic one year extensions. Our independent directors review our manager’s performance annually and the management agreement may be terminated annually upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors, or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock, based upon unsatisfactory performance that is materially detrimental to us or a determination by our independent directors that the management fee earned by our manager is not fair, subject to our manager’s right to prevent such a management fee compensation termination by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of fees. Our manager will be provided with 60 days’ prior notice of any such termination and will be paid a termination fee equal to the amount of the management fee earned by our manager during the twelve month period preceding such termination which may make it more difficult for us to terminate the management agreement. Following any termination of the management agreement, we shall be entitled to purchase our manager’s right to receive the Incentive Compensation at a price determined as if our assets were sold for cash at their then current fair market value (as determined by an appraisal, taking into account, among other things, the expected future value of the underlying investments) or otherwise we may continue to pay the Incentive Compensation to our manager. In addition, if we do not purchase our manager’s Incentive Compensation, our manager may require us to purchase the same at the price discussed above. In addition, the management agreement may be terminated by us at any time for cause.

The principals of our manager are Messrs. Wesley R. Edens, Peter L. Briger, Jr., Robert I. Kauffman, Randal A. Nardone and Michael E. Novogratz.

Policies With Respect to Certain Other Activities

We have authority to offer our common stock or other equity or debt securities in exchange for property and to repurchase or otherwise reacquire our shares or any other securities and may engage in such activities in the future.

We also may make loans to, or provide guarantees of, our subsidiaries. Although we have no current intentions of doing so, we may repurchase or otherwise reacquire our shares or other securities.

Subject to the percentage ownership and gross income and asset tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities.

We may engage in the purchase and sale of investments. We do not underwrite the securities of other issuers.

Our officers and directors may change any of these policies without a vote of our stockholders.

In the event that we determine to raise additional equity capital, our board of directors has the authority, without stockholder approval, to issue additional common stock or preferred stock in any manner and on such terms and for such consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for property.

Decisions regarding the form and other characteristics of the financing for our investments are made by our manager subject to the general investment guidelines adopted by our board of directors.
 
-10-

 
We have financed our assets with the net proceeds of our initial public offering, follow-on offerings, the issuance of preferred stock, long term secured borrowings and short term borrowings under repurchase agreements and our credit facility. In the future, operations may be financed by future offerings of equity securities, as well as short term and long term unsecured and secured borrowings. We expect that, in general, we will employ leverage consistent with the type of assets acquired and the desired level of risk in various investment environments. Our governing documents do not explicitly limit the amount of leverage that we may employ. Instead, the general investment guidelines adopted by our board of directors limits total leverage to a maximum 9.0 to 1 debt to equity ratio. At December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, our debt to equity ratio was approximately 5.7 to 1, 5.0 to 1 and 5.4 to 1, respectively. Our policy relating to the maximum leverage we may utilize may be changed by our board of directors at any time in the future.

Competition

We are subject to significant competition in seeking investments. We compete with several other companies for investments, including other REITs, insurance companies and other investors. Some of our competitors have greater resources than we do and we may not be able to compete successfully for investments.

Compliance with Applicable Environmental Laws

Properties we own or may acquire are or would be subject to various foreign, federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations. Under these laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner of real estate (including, in certain circumstances, a secured lender that succeeds to ownership or control of a property) may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at, on, under or in its property. These laws typically impose cleanup responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or control party knew of or was responsible for the release or presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigation, remediation or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property. An owner or control party of a site may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site. Certain environmental laws also impose liability in connection with the handling of or exposure to asbestos-containing materials, pursuant to which third parties may seek recovery from owners of real properties for personal injuries associated with asbestos-containing materials. Our operating costs and values of these assets may be adversely affected by the obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, as well as the cost of complying with future legislation, and our income and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be affected adversely by the existence of an environmental liability with respect to our properties. We endeavor to ensure that properties we own or acquire will be in compliance in all material respects with all foreign, federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products.

Employees

We are party to a management agreement with Fortress Investment Group LLC pursuant to which they advise us regarding investments, risk management, and other aspects of our business, and manage our day-to-day operations. As a result, we have no employees. From time to time, certain of our officers may enter into written agreements with us that memorialize the provision of certain services; these agreements do not provide for the payment of any cash compensation to such officers from us. The employees of Fortress Investment Group LLC are not a party to any collective bargaining agreement.

Corporate Governance and Internet Address

We emphasize the importance of professional business conduct and ethics through our corporate governance initiatives. Our board of directors consists of a majority of independent directors; the audit, nominating and corporate governance, and compensation committees of our board of directors are composed exclusively of independent directors. We have adopted corporate governance guidelines, and our manager has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, which delineate our standards for our officers and directors, and employees of our manager.

Our internet address is http://www.newcastleinv.com. We make available, free of charge through a link on our site, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to such reports, if any, as filed with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after such filing.
 
Our site also contains our code of business conduct and ethics, senior officer code of ethics, corporate governance guidelines, and the charters of the audit committee, nominating and corporate governance committee and compensation committee of our board of directors.
 
-11-


Item 1A. Risk Factors

CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the operating performance of our investments, the stability of our earnings, and our financing needs. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “endeavor,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “overestimate,” “underestimate,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue” or other similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from forecasted results. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to, our ability to take advantage of opportunities in additional asset classes at attractive risk-adjusted prices, our ability to deploy capital accretively, the relationship between yields on assets which are paid off and yields on assets in which such monies can be reinvested, the relative spreads between the yield on the assets we invest in and the cost of financing, changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and bond markets specifically; adverse changes in the financing markets we access affecting our ability to finance our real estate securities portfolios in general or particular real estate related assets, or in a manner that maintains our historic net spreads; changes in interest rates and/or credit spreads, as well as the success of our hedging strategy in relation to such changes; the quality and size of the investment pipeline and the rate at which we can invest our cash, including cash inside our CBOs; impairments in the value of the collateral underlying our real estate securities, real estate related loans and residential mortgage loans and the relation of any such impairments to our judgments as to whether changes in the market value of our securities, loans or real estate are temporary or not and whether circumstances bearing on the value of such assets warrant changes in carrying values; legislative/regulatory changes; completion of pending investments; the availability and cost of capital for future investments; competition within the finance and real estate industries; and other risks detailed from time to time below and in our other SEC reports.
 
Risks relating to our management, business and company include, specifically:
 
Risks Relating to Our Management

We are dependent on our manager and may not find a suitable replacement if our manager terminates the management agreement.

We have no paid employees. Our officers are employees of our manager. We have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on our manager, which has significant discretion as to the implementation of our operating policies and strategies. We are subject to the risk that our manager will terminate the management agreement and that no suitable replacement will be found to manage us. Furthermore, we are dependent on the services of certain key employees of our manager whose continued service is not guaranteed, and the loss of such services could temporarily adversely affect our operations.

There are conflicts of interest in our relationship with our manager.

Our chairman and chief executive officer and each of our executive officers also serve as officers of our manager. As a result, our management agreement with our manager was not negotiated at arm's-length and its terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
 
There are conflicts of interest inherent in our relationship with our manager insofar as our manager and its affiliates manage and invest in other investment vehicles (investment funds, private investment funds, or businesses) that invest in real estate securities, real estate related loans and operating real estate and whose investment objectives overlap with our investment objectives. Certain investments appropriate for Newcastle may also be appropriate for one or more of these other investment vehicles. Members of our board of directors and employees of our manager who are our officers may serve as officers and/or directors of these other entities. In addition, our manager or its affiliates may have investments in and/or earn fees from such other investment vehicles which are larger than their economic interests in Newcastle and which may therefore create an incentive to allocate investments to such other investment vehicles. Our manager or its affiliates may determine, in their discretion, to make a particular investment through another investment vehicle rather than through Newcastle. It is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate at all in certain investments made by our affiliates that meet our investment objectives.  

Our management agreement with our manager generally does not limit or restrict our manager or its affiliates from engaging in any business or managing other pooled investment vehicles that invest in investments that meet our investment objectives, except that under our management agreement neither our manager nor any entity controlled by or under common control with our manager is permitted to raise or sponsor any new pooled investment vehicle whose investment policies, guidelines or plan targets as its primary investment category investment in United States dollar-denominated credit sensitive real estate related securities reflecting primarily United States loans or assets. Our manager intends to engage in additional real estate related management and investment opportunities in the future which may compete with us for investments.
 
-12-


The ability of our manager and its officers and employees to engage in other business activities, subject to the terms of our management agreement with our manager, may reduce the time our manager spends managing Newcastle. In addition, we may engage in material transactions with our manager or another entity managed by our manager or one of its affiliates, including certain co-investments which present a conflict of interest, subject to our investment guidelines.

The management compensation structure that we have agreed to with our manager may cause our manager to invest in high risk investments. In addition to its management fee, our manager is entitled to receive incentive compensation based in part upon our achievement of targeted levels of funds from operations. In evaluating investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to earn incentive compensation based on funds from operations may lead our manager to place undue emphasis on the maximization of funds from operations at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, in order to achieve higher incentive compensation. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our investment portfolio.

Termination of the management agreement with our manager is difficult and costly. The management agreement may only be terminated annually upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors, or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock, based upon (1) unsatisfactory performance by our manager that is materially detrimental to us or (2) a determination that the management fee payable to our manager is not fair, subject to our manager's right to prevent such a compensation termination by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of fees. Our manager will be provided 60 days' prior notice of any termination and will be paid a termination fee equal to the amount of the management fee earned by the manager during the twelve-month period preceding such termination. In addition, following any termination of the management agreement, the manager may require us to purchase its right to receive incentive compensation at a price determined as if our assets were sold for their fair market value (as determined by an appraisal, taking into account, among other things, the expected future value of the underlying investments) or otherwise we may continue to pay the incentive compensation to our manager. These provisions may increase the effective cost to us of terminating the management agreement, thereby adversely affecting our ability to terminate our manager without cause.

Our directors have approved very broad investment guidelines for our manager and do not approve each investment decision made by our manager.

Our manager is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines. Our directors periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio. However, our board does not review each proposed investment. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, the directors rely primarily on information provided to them by our manager. Furthermore, transactions entered into by our manager may be difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by the directors. Our manager has great latitude within the broad investment guidelines in determining the types of assets it may decide are proper investments for us.

We may change our investment strategy without stockholder consent which may result in riskier investments than our current investments.

Decisions to make investments in entirely new asset categories present risks which may be difficult for us to adequately assess and could therefore reduce the stability of our dividends or have adverse effects on our financial condition. A change in our investment strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate and real estate market fluctuations.

Our investment strategy may evolve, in light of existing market conditions and investment opportunities, to continue to take advantage of opportunistic investments in real estate related assets, which may involve additional risks depending upon the nature of such assets and our ability to finance such assets on a short or long term basis. Investment opportunities that present unattractive risk-return profiles relative to other available investment opportunities under particular market conditions may become relatively attractive under changed market conditions and changes in market conditions may therefore result in changes in the investments we target. Our failure to accurately assess the risks inherent in new asset categories or the financing risks associated with such assets could adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.

Risks Relating to Our Business

We are subject to significant competition and we may not compete successfully.

We are subject to significant competition in seeking investments. We compete with other companies, including other REITs, insurance companies and other investors, including funds and companies affiliated with our manager. Some of our competitors have greater resources than us and we may not be able to compete successfully for investments.
 
-13-


Furthermore, competition for investments of the type to be made by us may lead to the returns available from such investments decreasing which may further limit our ability to generate our desired returns. We cannot assure you that other companies will not be formed that compete with us for investments or otherwise pursue investment strategies similar to ours.

Our determination of how much leverage to apply to our investments may adversely affect our return on our investments and may reduce cash available for distribution.

We leverage our portfolio through borrowings, generally through the use of credit facilities, warehouse facilities, repurchase agreements, mortgage loans on real estate, securitizations, including the issuance of CBOs, private or public offerings of debt by subsidiaries, loans to entities in which we hold, directly or indirectly, interests in pools of properties or loans, and other borrowings. Our investment policies do not limit the amount of leverage we may incur with respect to any specific asset or pool of assets, subject to an overall limit on our use of leverage to 90% of the value of our assets on an aggregate basis. Our return on our investments and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that can be derived from the assets acquired.

We finance certain of our investments with debt (e.g., repurchase agreements) that is subject to margin calls based on a decrease in the value of such investments, which could adversely impact our liquidity and, as a result of the need to post greater margin with respect to existing investments, our return on equity. If we do not have the funds available to or choose not to satisfy any such margin calls, we could be forced to sell the investments at a loss.

The loans we invest in and the loans underlying the securities and total rate of return swaps we invest in are subject to delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to us.

Commercial mortgage loans are secured by multifamily or commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower's ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income-producing property can be affected by, among other things: tenant mix, success of tenant businesses, property management decisions, property location and condition, competition from comparable types of properties, changes in laws that increase operating expense or limit rents that may be charged, any need to address environmental contamination at the property, the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the property, changes in national, regional or local economic conditions and/or specific industry segments, declines in regional or local real estate values, declines in regional or local rental or occupancy rates, increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental legislation, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and civil disturbances.
 
Residential mortgage loans and subprime mortgage loans are secured by single-family residential property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by a residential property is dependent upon the income or assets of the borrower. A number of factors may impair borrowers' abilities to repay their loans.

In the event of any default under a loan held directly by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the loan, which could adversely affect our cash flow from operations. Foreclosure of a loan can be an expensive and lengthy process which could negatively affect our anticipated return on the foreclosed loan.
 
Mortgage and asset backed securities are bonds or notes backed by loans and/or other financial assets and include commercial mortgage back securities (CMBS), agency residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS), and real estate related asset backed securities (ABS). The ability of a borrower to repay these loans or other financial assets is dependant upon the income or assets of these borrowers. While we intend to focus on real estate related asset backed securities, there can be no assurance that we will not invest in other types of asset backed securities.

Our investments in mortgage and asset backed securities will also be adversely affected by defaults under the loans underlying such securities. To the extent losses are realized on the loans underlying the securities in which we invest, the company may not recover the amount invested in, or, in extreme cases, any of our investment in, such securities.
 
-14-

 
Subprime mortgage loans are generally loans to credit impaired borrowers and borrowers that are ineligible to qualify for loans from conventional mortgage sources due to loan size, credit characteristics or documentation standards. Loans to lower credit grade borrowers generally experience higher-than-average default and loss rates than do conforming mortgage loans. Material differences in the defaults, loss severities and/or prepayments on the subprime mortgage loans we acquire (or on the manufactured housing loans we acquire) from what we estimate in connection with our underwriting of the acquisition of such loans would cause reductions in our income and adversely affect our operating results, both with respect to unsecuritized loans and loans that we have securitized or otherwise financed on a long term match funded basis. We cannot assure you that our underwriting criteria will afford adequate protection against the higher risks associated with loans made to lower credit grade borrowers. If we underestimate the extent of losses that our loans will incur, then our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations will be adversely impacted.

Although we seek to match fund our investments to limit refinance risk and lock in net spreads, we do not employ this strategy with respect to certain of our investments, which increases the risks related to refinancing these investments.

A key to our investment strategy is to finance our investments using match funded financing structures, which match assets and liabilities with respect to maturities and interest rates. This limits our refinance risk, including the risk of being able to refinance an investment or refinance on favorable terms. We generally use match funded financing structures, such as CBOs, to finance our investments in real estate securities and loans. However, our manager may elect for us to bear a level of refinancing risk on a short term or longer term basis, such as is the case with investments financed with repurchase agreements, when, based on all of the relevant factors, bearing such risk is advisable. This is generally the case with respect to the residential mortgage loans and agency RMBS we invest in. The decision not to match fund certain investments exposes us to additional refinancing risks that may not apply to our other investments.

In addition, we anticipate that, in most cases, for any period during which our floating rate assets are not match funded with respect to maturity, the income from such assets may respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings. Because of this dynamic, interest income from such investments may rise more slowly than the related interest expense, with a consequent decrease in our net income. Interest rate fluctuations resulting in our interest expense exceeding interest income would result in operating losses for us from these investments.

Accordingly, if we do not or are unable to match fund our investments with respect to maturities and interest rates, we will be exposed to the risk that we may not be able to finance or refinance our investments on economically favorable terms or may have to liquidate assets at a loss.
 
We may not be able to finance our investments on a long term basis on attractive terms, including by means of securitization, which may require us to seek more costly financing for our investments or to liquidate assets.

When financing our investments through CBOs, we accumulate securities through an arrangement in which a third party provides short term financing pending the issuance of the CBO bonds and we make a cash deposit with such third party. Under such arrangement, if the CBO financing were not consummated, we would be required to either purchase the securities and obtain other more expensive financing for such purchase, or pay the third party the lesser of the difference between the price it paid for the securities and the price at which it sold such securities, or our deposit.

Where we acquire a loan portfolio which we finance on a short term basis with a view to securitization or other long term financing, we bear the risk of being unable to securitize the loans or otherwise finance them on a long term basis at attractive prices or in a timely matter, or at all. If it is not possible or economical for us to securitize or otherwise finance such loans on a long term basis, we may be unable to pay down our short term credit facilities, or be required to liquidate the loans at a loss in order to do so.

Both during the ramp up phase of a potential CBO financing and following the closing of a CBO financing when we have locked in the liability costs for a CBO, the rate at which we are able to acquire eligible investments and changes in market conditions may adversely affect our anticipated returns.

We acquire real estate securities and loans and finance them on a long term basis, typically through the issuance of collateralized bond obligations. We use short term warehouse lines of credit to finance the acquisition of real estate securities and loans until a sufficient quantity of securities and loans is accumulated, at which time we may refinance these lines through a securitization, such as a CBO financing, or other long term financing. As a result, we are subject to the risk that we will not be able to acquire, during the period that our warehouse facility is available, a sufficient amount of eligible securities to maximize the efficiency of a collateralized bond obligation financing. In addition, conditions in the capital markets may make the issuance of a collateralized bond obligation less attractive to us when we do have a sufficient pool of collateral. If we are unable to issue a collateralized bond obligation to finance these assets, we may be required to seek other forms of potentially less attractive financing or otherwise to liquidate the assets.

In addition, following each CBO financing we must invest the net cash raised in the financing. Until we are able to acquire sufficient securities, our returns will reflect income earned on uninvested cash and, having locked in the cost of liabilities for the particular CBO, the particular CBO’s returns will be at risk of declining to the extent that yields on the securities to be acquired decline.
 
-15-

 
In general, our ability to acquire appropriate investments depends upon the supply in the market of investments we deem suitable, and changes in various economic factors may affect our determination of what constitutes a suitable investment.
 
Our returns will be adversely affected when proceeds of investments we have sold or which have been prepaid must be reinvested at lower yields than those of the investments sold or prepaid.

Real estate securities and loans are subject to prepayment risk. In addition, we may sell, and realize gains (or losses) on, investments. For those investments held in CBOs, the proceeds from such prepayments or sales must be reinvested inside the applicable CBO, prior to the end of the reinvestment period. Our net income will be adversely affected if proceeds from sales or prepayments of assets are reinvested at lower asset yields than the yields of such investments.

Our investments may be subject to impairment charges.

We will periodically evaluate our investments for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on a variety of factors depending upon the nature of the investment and the manner in which the income related to such investment calculated for purposes of our financial statements. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we would be required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the investment, which could adversely affect our results of operations and funds from operations in the applicable period.

Our investments in senior unsecured REIT securities are subject to specific risks relating to the particular REIT issuer and to the general risks of investing in subordinated real estate securities, which may result in losses to us.

Our investments in REIT securities involve special risks relating to the particular REIT issuer of the securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. REITs generally are required to substantially invest in operating real estate or real estate related assets and are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate related investments discussed in this report.

Our investments in REIT securities are also subject to the risks described above with respect to mortgage loans and mortgage backed securities and similar risks, including (i) risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss in the event thereof, (ii) the dependence upon the successful operation of and net income from real property, (iii) risks generally incident to interests in real property, and (iv) risks that may be presented by the type and use of a particular commercial property.

REIT securities are generally unsecured and may also be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. We may also invest in REIT securities that are rated below investment grade. As a result, investments in REIT securities are also subject to risks of: (i) limited liquidity in the secondary trading market, (ii) substantial market price volatility resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates, (iii) subordination to the prior claims of banks and other senior lenders to the issuer, (iv) the operation of mandatory sinking fund or call/redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the issuer to reinvest premature redemption proceeds in lower yielding assets, (v) the possibility that earnings of the REIT issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service and dividend obligations and (vi) the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer of such REIT securities during periods of rising interest rates and economic downturn. These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding REIT securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to repay principal and interest or make dividend payments.

The real estate related loans and other direct and indirect interests in pools of real estate properties or other loans that we invest in may be subject to additional risks relating to the privately negotiated structure and terms of the transaction, which may result in losses to us.

We invest in real estate related loans and other direct and indirect interests in pools of real estate properties or loans.

We invest in mezzanine loans that take the form of subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying real property or other business assets or revenue streams or loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of the entity owning real property or other business assets or revenue streams (or the ownership interest of the parent of such entity). These types of investments involve a higher degree of risk than long term senior lending secured by business assets or income producing real property because the investment may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by a senior lender. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan to value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.
 
-16-

 
We also invest in mortgage loans (“B” Notes) that while secured by a first mortgage on a single large commercial property or group of related properties are subordinated to an "A Note" secured by the same first mortgage on the same collateral. As a result, if an issuer defaults, there may not be sufficient funds remaining for B Note holders. B Notes reflect similar credit risks to comparably rated commercial mortgage backed securities. We also invest, directly or indirectly, in pools of real estate properties or loans. However, since each transaction is privately negotiated, these investments can vary in their structural characteristics and risks. For example, the rights of holders of B Notes to control the process following a borrower default may vary from transaction to transaction, while investments in pools of real estate properties or loans may be subject to varying contractual arrangements with third party co-investors in such pools. Further, B Notes typically are secured by a single property, and so reflect the risks associated with significant concentration. These investments also are less liquid than commercial mortgage backed securities.

Insurance on real estate in which we have interests (including the real estate serving as collateral for our real estate securities and loans) may not cover all losses.

There are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, terrorism or acts of war, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors, including terrorism or acts of war, also might make the insurance proceeds insufficient to repair or replace a property if it is damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received might not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the affected real property. As a result of the events of September 11, 2001, insurance companies are limiting and/or excluding coverage for acts of terrorism in insurance policies. As a result, we may suffer losses from acts of terrorism that are not covered by insurance.

In addition, the mortgage loans which are secured by certain of the properties in which we have interests contain customary covenants, including covenants that require property insurance to be maintained in an amount equal to the replacement cost of the properties. There can be no assurance that the lenders under these mortgage loans will not take the position that exclusions from coverage for losses due to terrorist acts is a breach of a covenant which, if uncured, could allow the lenders to declare an event of default and accelerate repayment of the mortgage loans.

Environmental compliance costs and liabilities with respect to our real estate in which we have interests may adversely affect our results of operations.

Our operating costs may be affected by our obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, as well as the cost of complying with future legislation with respect to the assets, or loans secured by assets, with environmental problems that materially impair the value of the assets. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under, or in such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. In addition, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or the failure to remediate properly, may adversely affect the owner's ability to borrow by using such real property as collateral. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for releases of hazardous materials, including asbestos-containing materials, into the environment, and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with exposure to released asbestos-containing materials or other hazardous materials. Environmental laws may also impose restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or transferred or in which businesses it may be operated, and these restrictions may require expenditures. In connection with the direct or indirect ownership and operation of properties, we may be potentially liable for any such costs. The cost of defending against claims of liability or remediating contaminated property and the cost of complying with environmental laws could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Many or our investments are illiquid and this lack of liquidity could significantly impede our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions or to realize the value at which such investments are carried if we are required to dispose of them.

Operating real estate and other direct and indirect investments in real estate and real estate related assets are generally illiquid. Our investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries are also illiquid. In addition, the real estate securities that we purchase in connection with privately negotiated transactions are not registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise in accordance with, those laws. In addition, there are no established trading markets for a majority of our investments. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited.

Our assets are valued based primarily on third party quotations which are subject to significant variability based on market conditions. Certain of our investments, however, are highly illiquid and we will not have access to readily ascertainable market prices when establishing valuations of them. While we will endeavor to determine and establish valuations of our investments based on our manager’s estimate of the fair market value of such investments, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our illiquid investments quickly, we may realize significantly less than the amount at which we have previously valued these investments.
 
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Interest rate fluctuations and shifts in the yield curve may cause losses.

Our primary interest rate exposures relate to our real estate securities, loans, floating rate debt obligations, interest rate swaps, and interest rate caps. Changes in the general level of interest rates can affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities and hedges. Changes in the level of interest rates also can affect, among other things, our ability to acquire real estate securities and loans at attractive prices, the value of our real estate securities, loans and derivatives and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets.

In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, loan and collateral defaults may increase and result in credit losses that would adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions, and other factors beyond our control.

Our ability to execute our business strategy, particularly the growth of our investment portfolio, depends to a significant degree on our ability to obtain additional capital. Our financing strategy is dependent on our ability to place the match funded debt we use to finance our investments at rates that provide a positive net spread. If spreads for such liabilities widen or if demand for such liabilities ceases to exist, then our ability to execute future financings will be severely restricted.

Interest rate changes may also impact our net book value as our real estate securities and related hedge derivatives are marked to market each quarter. Our loan investments and debt obligations are not marked to market. Generally, as interest rates increase, the value of our fixed rate securities decreases, which will decrease the book value of our equity.

Furthermore, shifts in the U.S. Treasury yield curve, which represents the market's expectations of future interest rates, would also affect the yield required on our real estate securities and therefore their value. This would have similar effects on our real estate securities portfolio and our financial position and operations to a change in interest rates generally.
 
Our investments in real estate securities and loans are subject to changes in credit spreads which could adversely affect our ability to realize gains on the sale of such investments.

Real estate securities are subject to changes in credit spreads. Fixed rate securities are valued based on a market credit spread over the rate payable on fixed rate U.S. Treasuries of like maturity. The value of these securities is dependent on the yield demanded on these securities by the market based on their credit relative to U.S. Treasuries. Excessive supply of these securities combined with reduced demand will generally cause the market to require a higher yield on these securities, resulting in the use of a higher, or "wider," spread over the benchmark rate (usually the applicable U.S. Treasury security yield) to value such securities. Under such conditions, the value of our real estate securities portfolio would tend to decline. Conversely, if the spread used to value such securities were to decrease, or "tighten," the value of our real estate securities portfolio would tend to increase. Our floating rate securities are valued based on a market credit spread over LIBOR and are affected similarly by changes in LIBOR spreads. Such changes in the market value of our real estate securities portfolio may affect our net equity, net income or cash flow directly through their impact on unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities, and therefore our ability to realize gains on such securities, or indirectly through their impact on our ability to borrow and access capital.

Our loan portfolios are also subject to changes in credit spreads. Our floating rate loans are valued based on a market credit spread to LIBOR. The value of these loans is dependent on the yield demanded by the market based on their credit relative to LIBOR. The value of our floating rate loans would tend to decline should the market require a higher yield on such loans, resulting in the use of a higher spread over the benchmark rate (usually the applicable LIBOR yield). Our fixed rate loans are valued based on a market credit spread over U.S. Treasuries and are affected similarly by changes in U.S. Treasury spreads. If the value of our loans subject to repurchase agreements were to decline, it could affect our ability to refinance such loans upon the maturity of the related repurchase agreements. Any credit or spread related losses incurred with respect to our loans would affect us in the same way as similar losses on our real estate securities portfolio as described above, except that our loans are not marked to market.

In addition, widening credit spreads will generally result in a decrease in the mark to market value of certain investments which are treated as derivatives on our balance sheet, such as total rate of return swaps. Since changes in the value of such assets are reflected in our income statement, this would result in a decrease in our net income. To the extent that we choose to make increasing investments in real estate related assets by means of entering into total rate of return swaps, our net income will become more susceptible to decreases stemming from credit spread changes.
 
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Our hedging transactions may limit our gains or result in losses.
 
We use derivatives to hedge our interest rate exposure and this has certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the cash available for distribution to stockholders and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. Our board of directors has adopted a general policy with respect to the use of derivatives, which generally allows us to use derivatives where appropriate, but does not set forth specific policies and procedures. We use derivative instruments, including forwards, futures, swaps and options, in our risk management strategy to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations. A hedge may not be effective in eliminating all of the risks inherent in any particular position. Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of the use of derivatives.

There are limits to the ability of hedging strategy to protect us completely against interest rate risks. When rates change, we expect the gain or loss on derivatives to be offset by a related but inverse change in the value of the items, generally our liabilities, which we hedge. We cannot assure you, however, that our use of derivatives will offset the risks related to changes in interest rates. We cannot assure you that our hedging strategy and the derivatives that we use will adequately offset the risk of interest rate volatility or that our hedging transactions will not result in losses.

In managing our hedge instruments, we consider the effect of the expected hedging income on the REIT qualification tests that limit the amount of gross income that a REIT may receive from hedging. The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code limit our ability to hedge. We need to carefully monitor, and may have to limit, our hedging strategy to assure that we do not realize hedging income, or hold hedges having a value, in excess of the amounts which would cause us to fail the REIT gross income and asset tests.

Accounting for derivatives under GAAP is extremely complicated Any failure by us to account for our derivatives properly in accordance with GAAP in our financial statements could adversely affect our earnings.

Prepayment rates can increase, adversely affecting yields on certain investments, including our residential mortgage loans.

The value of our assets may be affected by prepayment rates on our residential mortgage loans and other floating rate assets. Prepayment rates are influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, such prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty. In periods of declining mortgage interest rates, prepayments on loans generally increase. If general interest rates decline as well, the proceeds of such prepayments received during such periods are likely to be reinvested by us in assets yielding less than the yields on the assets that were prepaid. In addition, the market value of floating rate assets may, because of the risk of prepayment, benefit less than fixed rate assets from declining interest rates. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates, prepayments on loans generally decrease, in which case we would not have the prepayment proceeds available to invest in assets with higher yields. Under certain interest rate and prepayment scenarios we may fail to recoup fully our cost of acquisition of certain investments.

In addition, when market conditions lead us to increase the portion of our CBO investments that are comprised of floating rate securities, the risk of assets inside our CBOs prepaying increases. Since our CBO financing costs are locked in, reinvestment of such prepayment proceeds at lower yields than the initial investments, as a result of changes in the interest rate or credit spread environment, will result in a decrease of the return on our equity and therefore our net income.

Risks Relating to Our Company

Our failure to qualify as a REIT would result in higher taxes and reduced cash available for stockholders.

We operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income and quarterly asset requirements also depends upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Moreover, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT qualification requirements as described below. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our interests in subsidiaries or other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT requirements. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions to stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of, and trading prices for, our stock. Unless entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. The rule against re-electing REIT status following a loss of such status could also apply to us if Newcastle Investment Holdings Corp., a former stockholder of the Company, failed to qualify as a REIT, and we are treated as a successor to Newcastle Investment Holdings for federal income tax purposes.

REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our liquidity.
 
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding any net capital gain, in order for corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. However, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could require us to sell assets or borrow funds on a short term or long term basis to meet the 90% distribution requirement of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain of our assets generate substantial mismatches between taxable income and available cash. As a result, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our net taxable income could cause us to: (a) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (b) borrow on unfavorable terms, or (c) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt, in order to comply with REIT requirements.
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Further, amounts distributed will not be available to fund investment activities. If we fail to obtain debt or equity capital in the future, it could limit our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for reduced tax rates.

Tax law changes in 2003 reduced the maximum tax rate for dividends payable to individuals from 35% to 15% (through 2008). Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock. In addition, the relative attractiveness of real estate in general may be adversely affected by the newly favorable tax treatment given to corporate dividends, which could affect the value of our real estate assets negatively.

Maintenance of our Investment Company Act exemption imposes limits on our operations.

We conduct our operations so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. We believe that there are a number of exemptions under the Investment Company Act that may be applicable to us. The assets that we may acquire, therefore, are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Investment Company Act. In addition, we could, among other things, be required either (a) to change the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company or (b) to register as an investment company, either of which could adversely affect us and the market price for our stock.

ERISA may restrict investments by plans in our common stock.

A plan fiduciary considering an investment in our common stock should consider, among other things, whether such an investment is consistent with the fiduciary obligations under ERISA, including whether such investment might constitute or give rise to a prohibited transaction under ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code or any substantially similar federal, state or local law and, if so, whether an exemption from such prohibited transaction rules is available.

The stock ownership limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for REITs and our charter may inhibit market activity in our stock and may restrict our business combination opportunities.

In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year after our first year. Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 8% of the aggregate value of all outstanding shares of our capital stock, treating classes and series of our stock in the aggregate, or more than 25% of the outstanding shares of our Series B Preferred Stock or Series C Preferred Stock. Our board may grant such an exemption, subject to such conditions, representations and undertakings as it may determine in its sole discretion. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. Our board of directors has granted limited exemptions to Fortress Principal Investment Holdings II LLC, our manager, a third party group of funds managed by Cohen & Steers, and certain affiliates of these entities.

Maryland takeover statutes may prevent a change of our control. This could depress our stock price.

Under Maryland law, "business combinations" between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include certain mergers, consolidations, share exchanges, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities or a liquidation or dissolution. An interested stockholder is defined as:

·
any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation's outstanding shares; or

·
an affiliate or associate of a corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation.
 
 
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A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.

After the five--year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 
·
80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation voting together as a single group; and

 
·
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder voting together as a single voting group.

The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Our authorized, but unissued common and preferred stock may prevent a change in our control.

Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board may establish a series of preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Our stockholder rights plan could inhibit a change in our control.

We have adopted a stockholder rights agreement. Under the terms of the rights agreement, in general, if a person or group acquires more than 15% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, all of our other common stockholders will have the right to purchase securities from us at a discount to such securities' fair market value, thus causing substantial dilution to the acquiring person. The rights agreement may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control not approved by our board of directors and, therefore, could adversely affect our stockholders' ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for our common stock in connection with such a transaction. In addition, since our board of directors can prevent the rights agreement from operating, in the event our board approves of an acquiring person, the rights agreement gives our board of directors significant discretion over whether a potential acquirer's efforts to acquire a large interest in us will be successful. Because the rights agreement contains provisions that are designed to assure that the executive officers, our manager and its affiliates will never, alone, be considered a group that is an acquiring person, the rights agreement provides the executive officers, our manager and its affiliates with certain advantages under the rights agreement that are not available to other stockholders.

Our staggered board and other provisions of our charter and bylaws may prevent a change in our control.

Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. Directors of each class are chosen for three-year terms upon the expiration of their current terms, and each year one class of directors is elected by the stockholders. The staggered terms of our directors may reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt at a change in control, even though a tender offer or change in control might be in the best interest of our stockholders. In addition, our charter and bylaws also contain other provisions that may delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s views as of the date of this report. The factors noted above could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Application of Critical Accounting Policies.”
 
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results.
 
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

We have no unresolved staff comments.
 
Item 2. Properties.
 
Our direct investments in properties are described under “Business - Our Investing Activities.”

Our manager leases principal executive and administrative offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, 46th floor. Its telephone number is (212) 798-6100.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders during the fourth quarter of 2005.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock has been listed and is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “NCT” since our initial public offering in October 2002. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low and last sale prices in dollars on the NYSE for our common stock and the distributions we declared with respect to the periods indicated.

2005
 
High
 
Low
 
Last Sale
 
Distributions Declared
 
First Quarter
 
$
31.95
 
$
29.27
 
$
29.60
 
$
0.625
 
Second Quarter
 
$
32.31
 
$
28.25
 
$
30.15
 
$
0.625
 
Third Quarter
 
$
31.25
 
$
27.00
 
$
27.90
 
$
0.625
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
27.96
 
$
24.74
 
$
24.85
 
$
0.625
 
                           
2004
   
High
   
Low
   
Last Sale
   
Distributions Declared
 
First Quarter
 
$
33.89
 
$
25.51
 
$
33.70
 
$
0.600
 
Second Quarter
 
$
33.40
 
$
24.51
 
$
29.95
 
$
0.600
 
Third Quarter
 
$
31.74
 
$
27.97
 
$
30.70
 
$
0.600
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
32.87
 
$
29.84
 
$
31.78
 
$
0.625
 
 
We intend to continue to declare quarterly distributions on our common stock. No assurance, however, can be given as to the amounts or timing of future distributions as such distributions are subject to our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
 
-22-

 
On March 6, 2006, the closing sale price for our common stock, as reported on the NYSE, was $24.76. As of March 6, 2006, there were approximately 99 record holders of our common stock. This figure does not reflect the beneficial ownership of shares held in nominee name.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes the total number of outstanding securities in the incentive plan and the number of securities remaining for future issuance, as well as the weighted average exercise price of all outstanding securities as of December 31, 2005.
 
 
Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options
 
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
 
Equity Compensation Plans Approved
             
by Security Holders:
             
Newcastle Investment Corp. Nonqualified
             
Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan
   
1,811,807 (1
)
$
25.14
   
7,320,577 (2
)
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved
                   
by Security Holders:
                   
None
   
N/A
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
                     

(1)
Includes options for (i) 1,170,317 shares held by an affiliate of our manager; (ii) 627,490 shares granted to our manager and assigned to certain of the manager’s employees; and (iii) an aggregate of 14,000 shares held by our directors, other than Mr. Edens.
(2)
The maximum available for issuance is equal to 10% of the number of outstanding equity interests, subject to a maximum of 10,000,000 shares in the aggregate over the term of the plan. The number of securities remaining available for future issuance is net of an aggregate of 5,696 shares of our common stock awards to our directors, other than Mr. Edens, representing the aggregate annual automatic stock awards to each such director for 2003 through 2005, and of 861,920 shares issued to certain of our directors and employees of our manager upon the exercise of previously granted options.
 
 
-23-


Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The selected historical consolidated financial information set forth below as of December 31, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001 and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001 has been derived from our audited historical consolidated financial statements.

The information below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Selected Consolidated Financial Information
(in thousands, except per share data)
       
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002
 
2001
 
Operating Data
             
(2)
 
(1)
 
Revenues
                     
Interest income
 
$
348,516
 
$
225,761
 
$
133,183
 
$
73,620
 
$
48,729
 
Other income
   
29,697
   
23,908
   
18,901
   
18,716
   
50,348
 
     
378,213
   
249,669
   
152,084
   
92,336
   
99,077
 
Expenses
                               
Interest expense
   
226,446
   
136,398
   
76,877
   
44,238
   
30,495
 
Other expense
   
42,529
   
29,259
   
20,828
   
18,197
   
36,865
 
     
268,975
   
165,657
   
97,705
   
62,435
   
67,360
 
                                 
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries
   
5,930
   
12,465
   
862
   
362
   
2,807
 
Income taxes on related taxable subsidiaries
   
(321
)
 
(2,508
)
 
   
   
 
     
5,609
   
9,957
   
862
   
362
   
2,807
 
                                 
Income from continuing operations
   
114,847
   
93,969
   
55,241
   
30,263
   
34,524
 
Income from discontinued operations
   
2,108
   
4,446
   
877
   
1,232
   
9,147
 
Net income
   
116,955
   
98,415
   
56,118
   
31,495
   
43,671
 
Preferred dividends and related accretion
   
(6,684
)
 
(6,094
)
 
(4,773
)
 
(1,162
)
 
(2,540
)
Income available for common stockholders
 
$
110,271
 
$
92,321
 
$
51,345
 
$
30,333
 
$
41,131
 
Net income per share of common stock, diluted
 
$
2.51
 
$
2.46
 
$
1.96
 
$
1.68
 
$
2.49
 
Income from continuing operations per share of common 
                       
stock, after preferred dividends and related accretion, diluted
 
$
2.46
 
$
2.34
 
$
1.93
 
$
1.61
 
$
1.94
 
Weighted average number of shares of common stock
                               
outstanding, diluted
   
43,986
   
37,558
   
26,141
   
18,090
   
16,493
 
Dividends declared per share of common stock
 
$
2.500
 
$
2.425
 
$
1.950
 
$
2.050
 
$
2.000
 
                                 

   
As Of December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002
 
2001 (1)
 
Balance Sheet Data
                     
Real estate securities, available for sale
 
$
4,554,519
 
$
3,369,496
 
$
2,192,727
 
$
1,025,010
 
$
501,509
 
Real estate related loans, net
   
615,551
   
591,890
   
402,784
   
26,417
   
20,662
 
Residential mortgage loans, net
   
600,682
   
654,784
   
586,237
   
258,198
   
 
Operating real estate, net
   
16,673
   
57,193
   
102,995
   
113,652
   
524,834
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
21,275
   
37,911
   
60,403
   
45,463
   
31,360
 
Total assets
   
6,209,699
   
4,932,720
   
3,550,299
   
1,574,828
   
1,262,509
 
Debt
   
5,212,358
   
4,021,396
   
2,924,552
   
1,217,007
   
897,390
 
Total liabilities
   
5,291,696
   
4,136,005
   
3,010,936
   
1,288,326
   
928,637
 
Common stockholders' equity
   
815,503
   
734,215
   
476,863
   
284,241
   
310,545
 
Preferred stock
   
102,500
   
62,500
   
62,500
   
   
 
                                 
Supplemental Balance Sheet Data
                               
Common shares outstanding
   
43,913
   
39,859
   
31,375
   
23,489
   
16,489
 
Book value per share of common stock, subsequent to
                               
initial public offering
 
$
18.57
 
$
18.42
 
$
15.20
 
$
12.10
   
N/A
 
 
                             

(1)
Represents the operations and financial position of our predecessor.
(2)
Includes the operations of our predecessor through the date of commencement of our operations, July 12, 2002.

-24-

 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002
 
2001
 
Other Data
                     
Cash Flow provided by (used in):
                     
Operating activities
 
$
98,763
 
$
90,355
 
$
38,454
 
$
21,919
 
$
37,255
 
Investing activities
   
(1,334,746
)
 
(1,332,164
)
 
(1,659,026
)
 
(683,053
)
 
103,246
 
Financing activities
   
1,219,347
   
1,219,317
   
1,635,512
   
675,237
   
(119,716
)
Funds from Operations (FFO) (1)
   
104,031
   
86,201
   
54,380
   
37,633
   
48,264
 
                                 

(1)
We believe FFO is one appropriate measure of the operating performance of real estate companies because it provides investors with information regarding our ability to service debt and make capital expenditures. We also believe that FFO is an appropriate supplemental disclosure of operating performance for a REIT due to its widespread acceptance and use within the REIT and analyst communities. Furthermore, FFO is used to compute our incentive compensation to our manager. FFO, for our purposes, represents net income available for common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding extraordinary items, plus depreciation of our operating real estate, and after adjustments for unconsolidated subsidiaries, if any. We consider gains and losses on resolution of our investments to be a normal part of our recurring operations and, therefore, do not exclude such gains and losses when arriving at FFO. Adjustments for unconsolidated subsidiaries, if any, are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and therefore should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indicator of our operating performance or as an alternative to cash flow as a measure of our liquidity and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. Our calculation of FFO may be different from the calculation used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
2002
 
2001
 
Calculation of Funds From Operations (FFO):
                     
Income available for common stockholders
 
$
110,271
 
$
92,321
 
$
51,345
 
$
30,333
 
$
41,131
 
Operating real estate depreciation
   
702
   
2,199
   
3,035
   
7,994
   
12,909
 
Accumulated depreciation on operating real estate sold
   
(6,942
)
 
(8,319
)
 
   
(2,847
)
 
 
Other-Fund I (1)
   
   
   
   
2,153
   
(5,776
)
Funds from operations (FFO)
 
$
104,031
 
$
86,201
 
$
54,380
 
$
37,633
 
$
48,264
 
                                 

(1)
Related to an investment retained by our predecessor.

 
-25-


Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

General

Newcastle Investment Corp. is a real estate investment and finance company. We invest in real estate securities, loans and other real estate related assets. In addition, we consider other opportunistic investments which capitalize on our manager’s expertise and which we believe present attractive risk/return profiles and are consistent with our investment guidelines. We seek to deliver stable dividends and attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders through prudent asset selection, active management and the use of match funded financing structures, which reduce our interest rate and financing risks. Our objective is to maximize the difference between the yield on our investments and the cost of financing these investments while hedging our interest rate risk. We emphasize asset quality, diversification, match funded financing and credit risk management.

We currently own a diversified portfolio of moderately credit sensitive real estate debt investments including securities and loans. Our portfolio of real estate securities includes commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS), senior unsecured debt issued by property REITs, real estate related asset backed securities (ABS) and agency residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS). Mortgage backed securities are interests in or obligations secured by pools of mortgage loans. We generally target investments rated A through BB, except for our agency RMBS which are generally considered AAA rated. We also own, directly and indirectly, interests in loans and pools of loans, including real estate related loans, commercial mortgage loans, residential mortgage loans, manufactured housing loans and subprime residential loans. We also own, directly and indirectly, interests in operating real estate.

We employ leverage in order to achieve our return objectives. We do not have a predetermined target debt to equity ratio as we believe the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we are financing depends on the credit quality of those assets. As of December 31, 2005, our debt to equity ratio was approximately 5.7 to 1. We maintain access to a broad array of capital resources in an effort to insulate our business from potential fluctuations in the availability of capital. We utilize multiple forms of financing including collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), other securitizations, and term loans, as well as short term financing in the form of repurchase agreements and our credit facility.

We seek to match fund our investments with respect to interest rates and maturities in order to minimize the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and reduce the risk of refinancing our liabilities prior to the maturity of the investments. We seek to finance a substantial portion of our real estate securities and loans through the issuance of debt securities in the form of CBOs, which are obligations issued in multiple classes secured by an underlying portfolio of securities. Our CBO financings offer us the structural flexibility to buy and sell certain investments to manage risk and, subject to certain limitations, to optimize returns.

Market Considerations

Our ability to maintain our dividends and grow our business is dependent on our ability to invest our capital on a timely basis at yields which exceed our cost of capital. The primary market factor that bears on this is credit spread.

Generally speaking, tightening credit spreads increase the unrealized gains on our current investments but reduce the yields available on potential new investments, while widening credit spreads reduce the unrealized gains on our current investments (or cause unrealized losses) but increase the yields available on potential new investments.

For the years 2003 and 2004, credit spreads tightened to historical lows, before widening in 2005. During this period, while new originations increased due to a growing commercial debt market, competition for available investments also increased.

With respect to new investments, this environment has caused the yield we can earn on certain investments to decrease. As a result of spread tightening, our related financing costs have also decreased, partially offsetting the decrease in yield. The net effect is that the return on equity available on certain investments has decreased. We continue to pursue opportunistic investments within our investment guidelines that offer a more attractive risk adjusted return, including investments in the residential debt market, and have experienced a trend of increasing returns on our recent investments.
 
-26-

 
Since the tightening of spreads was more pronounced in fixed rate investments than in floating rate investments, we increased our investment in floating rate assets. Recently rising interest rates and increasing property values have contributed to a high prepayment rate on our floating rate investments. These asset prepayments, coupled with the proceeds from sales of investments, increase our uninvested cash. Tightened credit spreads and the resulting scarcity of attractive investments have caused us to be more selective in our investment process, which in turn has caused delays in the investment or reinvestment of our cash, leading to a reduction in our overall return on equity. Furthermore, the reinvestment of proceeds from investments that prepaid or were sold has generally been at lower yields than the yields earned on such prepaid or sold investments due to the environment of tighter spreads.

In addition, trends in market interest rates also affect our operations, although to a lesser degree due to our match funded financing strategy. Interest rates had been historically low throughout 2003 and 2004, before rising in 2005.

In addition to the effect on prepayments as described above, recently rising interest rates have caused the net unrealized gains on our securities and derivatives, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, to decrease on a net basis, despite the tightening of spreads. Although this has no direct impact on our results of operations, cash flows, or ability to pay a dividend, it has reduced the amount of built in gains on our existing investments and, therefore, our book value per share and our ability to realize gains on such investments.

If credit spreads widen and interest rates continue to increase, we expect that our new investment activities will benefit and our earnings will increase, although our net book value per share may decrease.

Certain aspects of these effects are more fully described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Interest Rate, Credit and Spread Risk” as well as in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Formation and Organization

We were formed in 2002 as a subsidiary of Newcastle Investment Holdings Corp. (referred to herein as Holdings). Prior to our initial public offering, Holdings contributed to us certain assets and liabilities in exchange for approximately 16.5 million shares of our common stock. Our operations commenced in July 2002. In May 2003, Holdings distributed to its stockholders all of the shares of our common stock that it held, and it no longer owns any of our common equity.

The following table presents information on shares of our common stock issued since our formation:

Year
 
Shares Issued
 
Range of Issue Prices per Share (1)
 
Net Proceeds (millions)
 
               
Formation
   
16,488,517
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
2002
   
7,000,000
 
$
13.00
 
$
80.0
 
2003
   
7,886,316
 
$
20.35-$22.85
 
$
163.4
 
2004
   
8,484,648
 
$
26.30-$31.40
 
$
224.3
 
2005
   
4,053,928
 
$
29.60
 
$
108.2
 
December 31, 2005
   
43,913,409
             
                     

(1)
Excludes prices of shares issued pursuant to the exercise of options and shares issued to Newcastle’s independent directors.
 
As of December 31, 2005, approximately 2.9 million of our shares of common stock were held by an affiliate of our manager and its principals. In addition, an affiliate of our manager held options to purchase approximately 1.2 million shares of our common stock at December 31, 2005.

We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by prescribed dates and comply with various other requirements.

We conduct our business by investing in three primary business segments: (i) real estate securities and real estate related loans, (ii) residential mortgage loans and (iii) operating real estate.

Our discontinued operations include the operations of properties which have been sold or classified as Real Estate Held for Sale pursuant to SFAS No. 144. For more information on these properties, see Note 6 of our consolidated financial statements which appear in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Net proceeds from the sales of such properties have been redeployed to other investments which better meet our strategic objectives.
 
-27-


Revenues attributable to each segment are disclosed below (unaudited) (in thousands).
 
For the Year Ended
 
Real Estate Securities and Real Estate Related Loans
 
Residential Mortgage Loans
 
Operating Real Estate
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
December 31, 2005
 
$
321,889
 
$
48,844
 
$
6,772
 
$
708
 
$
378,213
 
December 31, 2004
 
$
225,236
 
$
19,135
 
$
4,745
 
$
553
 
$
249,669
 
December 31, 2003
 
$
134,348
 
$
12,892
 
$
4,264
 
$
580
 
$
152,084
 

Taxation

We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner. Our current and continuing qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet various tax law requirements, including, among others, requirements relating to the sources of our income, the nature of our assets, the composition of our stockholders, and the timing and amount of distributions that we make.

As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our net income that is currently distributed to stockholders. We may, however, nevertheless be subject to certain state, local and foreign income and other taxes, and to U.S. federal income and excise taxes and penalties in certain situations, including taxes on our undistributed income. In addition, our stockholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which they or we transact business or reside. The state, local and foreign tax treatment of us and our stockholders may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax treatment.

If, in any taxable year, we fail to satisfy one or more of the various tax law requirements, we could fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, if Newcastle Investment Holdings failed to qualify as a REIT and we are treated as a successor to Newcastle Investment Holdings, this could cause us to likewise fail to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for a particular tax year, our income in that year would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax), and we may need to borrow funds or liquidate certain investments in order to pay the applicable tax, and we would not be compelled by the Code to make distributions. Unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost.
 
Although we currently intend to operate in a manner designed to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other developments may cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, or may cause our board of directors to revoke the REIT election.
 
-28-


Application of Critical Accounting Policies

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates. A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, which appear in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” The following is a summary of our accounting policies that are most effected by judgments, estimates and assumptions.

Variable Interest Entities

In December 2003, Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 46R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” was issued as a modification of FIN 46. FIN 46R, which became effective in the first quarter of 2004, clarified the methodology for determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and the methodology for assessing who is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. A VIE is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, and only its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who will absorb a majority of the VIE’s expected losses or receive a majority of the expected residual returns as a result of holding variable interests.

To date, we have consolidated our existing CBO transactions (the “CBO Entities) because we own the entire equity interest in each of them, representing a substantial portion of their capitalization, and we control the management and resolution of their assets. We have determined that certain of the CBO Entities are VIEs and that we are the primary beneficiary of each of these VIEs and will therefore continue to consolidate them. We have also determined that the application of FIN 46R did not result in a change in our accounting for any other entities which were previously consolidated. However, it did cause us to consolidate one entity which was previously not consolidated, ICH CMO, as described below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” We will continue to analyze future CBO entities, as well as other investments, pursuant to the requirements of FIN 46R. These analyses require considerable judgment in determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE since they involve estimated probability weighting of subjectively determined possible cash flow scenarios. The result could be the consolidation of an entity acquired or formed in the future that would otherwise not have been consolidated or the non-consolidation of such an entity that would otherwise have been consolidated.

Valuation and Impairment of Securities

We have classified our real estate securities as available for sale. As such, they are carried at fair value with net unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Fair value is based primarily upon broker quotations, as well as counterparty quotations, which provide valuation estimates based upon reasonable market order indications or a good faith estimate thereof. These quotations are subject to significant variability based on market conditions, such as interest rates and credit spreads. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant increase or decrease in our book equity. We must also assess whether unrealized losses on securities, if any, reflect a decline in value which is other than temporary and, accordingly, write the impaired security down to its value through earnings. For example, a decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a security which was not impaired at acquisition, or if we do not have the ability and intent to hold a security in an unrealized loss position until its anticipated recovery (if any). Temporary declines in value generally result from changes in market factors, such as market interest rates and credit spreads, or from certain macroeconomic events, including market disruptions and supply changes, which do not directly impact our ability to collect amounts contractually due. We continually evaluate the credit status of each of our securities and, if necessary, the collateral supporting our securities. This evaluation includes a review of the credit of the issuer of the security (if applicable), the credit rating of the security, the key terms of the security (including credit support), debt service coverage and loan to value ratios, the performance of the pool of underlying loans and the estimated value of the collateral supporting such loans, including the effect of local, industry and broader economic trends and factors. These factors include loan default expectations and loss severities, which are analyzed in connection with a particular security’s credit support, as well as prepayment rates. The result of this evaluation is considered in relation to the amount of the unrealized loss and the period elapsed since it was incurred. Significant judgment is required in this analysis. To date, no such write-downs have been made.

Revenue Recognition on Securities

Income on these securities is recognized using a level yield methodology based upon a number of cash flow assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. Such assumptions include the rate and timing of principal and interest receipts (which may be subject to prepayments and defaults). These assumptions are updated on at least a quarterly basis to reflect changes related to a particular security, actual historical data, and market changes. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events and economic and market conditions, which may alter the assumptions. For securities acquired at a discount for credit quality, the net income recognized is based on a “loss adjusted yield” whereby a gross interest yield is recorded to Interest Income, offset by a provision for probable, incurred credit losses which would be accrued on a periodic basis to Provision for Credit Losses. The provision is determined based on an evaluation of the credit status of securities, as described in connection with the analysis of impairment above. A rollforward of the provision, if any, is included in Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
 
-29-


Valuation of Derivatives

Similarly, our derivative instruments are carried at fair value pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS'') No. 133 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,'' as amended. Fair value is based on counterparty quotations. To the extent they qualify as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, net unrealized gains or losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income; otherwise, they are reported currently in income. To the extent they qualify as fair value hedges, net unrealized gains or losses on both the derivative and the related portion of the hedged item are reported currently in income. Fair values of such derivatives are subject to significant variability based on many of the same factors as the securities discussed above. The results of such variability could be a significant increase or decrease in our book equity and/or earnings.

Impairment of Loans

We purchase, directly and indirectly, real estate related, commercial mortgage and residential mortgage loans, including manufactured housing loans, to be held for investment. We must periodically evaluate each of these loans or loan pools for possible impairment. Impairment is indicated when it is deemed probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan, or, for loans acquired at a discount for credit losses, when it is deemed probable that we will be unable to collect as anticipated. Upon determination of impairment, we would establish a specific valuation allowance with a corresponding charge to earnings. We continually evaluate our loans receivable for impairment. Our residential mortgage loans, including manufactured housing loans, are aggregated into pools for evaluation based on like characteristics, such as loan type and acquisition date. Individual loans are evaluated based on an analysis of the borrower’s performance, the credit rating of the borrower, debt service coverage and loan to value ratios, the estimated value of the underlying collateral, the key terms of the loan, and the effect of local, industry and broader economic trends and factors. Pools of loans are also evaluated based on similar criteria, including trends in defaults, delinquencies and loss severities for the type and seasoning of loans being evaluated. This information is used to estimate specific impairment charges on individual loans as well as provisions for estimated unidentified incurred losses on pools of loans. Significant judgment is required both in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance. We have recorded approximately $2.9 million of impairment with respect to the ICH loans in 2005, primarily related to a single borrower who defaulted on a number of cross-collateralized loans. In 2006, we transferred those loans out of the securitization trust, and foreclosed on the related properties. To date, no other impairments have been recorded.

Revenue Recognition on Loans

Income on these loans is recognized similarly to that on our securities and is subject to similar uncertainties and contingencies, which are also analyzed on at least a quarterly basis. For loans acquired at a discount for credit quality, the net income recognized is based on a “loss adjusted yield” whereby a gross interest yield is recorded to Interest Income, offset by a provision for probable, incurred credit losses which is accrued on a periodic basis to Provision for Credit Losses. The provision is determined based on an evaluation of the loans as described under “Impairment of Loans” above. We have recorded approximately $5.5 million of provision related to our residential mortgage loan segment in 2005. A rollforward of the provision is included in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Impairment of Operating Real Estate
 
We own operating real estate held for investment. We review our operating real estate for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Upon determination of impairment, we would record a write-down of the asset, which would be charged to earnings. Significant judgment is required both in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting write-down. To date, we have determined that no write-downs have been necessary on the operating real estate in our portfolio. In addition, when operating real estate is classified as held for sale, it must be recorded at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less costs of sale. Significant judgment is required in determining the fair value of such properties. In December 2003, we classified five properties as held for sale and recorded a loss of $1.5 million; these properties were sold in June 2004. In March 2004, we classified one property as held for sale, which did not result in a loss; this property was sold in June 2005 at a net loss of $0.7 million, primarily due to costs associated with the sale. No other losses have been recorded with respect to operating real estate subsequent to our initial public offering.
 
-30-


Accounting Treatment for Certain Investments Financed with Repurchase Agreements

We owned $323.2 million of assets purchased from particular counterparties which are financed via $287.5 million of repurchase agreements with the same counterparties at December 31, 2005. Currently, we record such assets and the related financings gross on our balance sheet, and the corresponding interest income and interest expense gross on our income statement. In addition, if the asset is a security, any change in fair value is reported through other comprehensive income (since it is considered “available for sale”).

However, in a transaction where assets are acquired from and financed under a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty, the acquisition may not qualify as a sale from the seller’s perspective; in such cases, the seller may be required to continue to consolidate the assets sold to us, based on their “continuing involvement” with such investments. The result is that we may be precluded from presenting the assets gross on our balance sheet as we currently do, and may instead be required to treat our net investment in such assets as a derivative.

If it is determined that these transactions should be treated as investments in derivatives, the interest rate swaps entered into by us to hedge our interest rate exposure with respect to these transactions would no longer qualify for hedge accounting, but would, as the underlying asset transactions, also be marked to market through the income statement.

This potential change in accounting treatment does not affect the economics of the transactions but does affect how the transactions are reported in our financial statements. Our cash flows, our liquidity and our ability to pay a dividend would be unchanged, and we do not believe our taxable income would be affected. Our net income and net equity would not be materially affected. In addition, this would not affect Newcastle’s status as a REIT or cause it to fail to qualify for its Investment Company Act exemption. We understand that this issue has been submitted to accounting standard setters for resolution. If we were to change our current accounting treatment for these transactions, our total assets and total liabilities would each be reduced by $287.9 million and $240.4 million at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
-31-

Results of Operations

We raised a significant amount of capital in public offerings in each of these years, resulting in additional capital being deployed to our investments which, in turn, caused changes to our results of operations.
 
The following table summarizes the changes in our results of operations from year-to-year (dollars in thousands):
 
   
Year-to-Year
Increase (Decrease)
 
Year-to-Year
Percent Change
 
Explanation
 
   
2005/2004
 
2004/2003
 
2005/2004
 
2004/2003
 
2005/2004
 
2004/2003
 
Interest income
 
$
122,755
 
$
92,578
   
54.4
%
 
69.5
%
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Rental and escalation income
   
1,903
   
506
   
40.1
%
 
11.9
%
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Gain on sale of investments
   
1,991
   
5,135
   
10.9
%
 
39.0
%
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Other income
   
1,895
   
(634
)
 
222.9
%
 
(42.7
%)
 
(4
)
     
Interest expense
   
90,048
   
59,521
   
66.0
%
 
77.4
%
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Property operating expense
   
(212
)
 
148
   
(8.2
%)
 
6.1
%
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Loan and security servicing expense
   
2,936
   
903
   
96.0
%
 
41.9
%
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Provision for credit losses
   
8,421
   
-
   
N/A
   
N/A
   
(5
)
     
General and administrative expense
   
(438
)
 
1,449
   
(9.5
%)
 
46.0
%
 
(6
)
 
(6
)
Management fee to affiliate
   
2,705
   
4,152
   
25.5
%
 
64.2
%
 
(7
)
 
(7
)
Incentive compensation to affiliate
   
(332
)
 
1,733
   
(4.2
%)
 
27.8
%
 
(7
)
 
(7
)
Depreciation and amortization
   
190
   
46
   
42.1
%
 
11.4
%
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
Equity in earnings of
                                     
unconsolidated subsidiaries, net of taxes on related taxable subsidiaries
   
(4,348