Drive Shack Inc. Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

GENERAL

Basis of Accounting — The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles or GAAP. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company consolidates those entities in which it has an investment of 50% or more and has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity.

For entities over which the Company exercises significant influence, but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation, the Company uses the equity method of accounting whereby it records its share of the underlying income of such entities.

Prior Period Reclassifications — Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company internalized management (as discussed in Note 12) and records corporate overhead, including corporate payroll and related expenses, in "General and administrative expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company reported corporate overhead, including corporate payroll and related expenses, related to the Traditional Golf business in "Operating expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company reclassified $14.8 million from "Operating expenses" to "General and administrative expense" for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments effective January 1, 2018, which requires retrospective adjustment to all periods. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the adjustment resulted in an increase of $0.8 million in “Other financing activities”, and a decrease of $0.8 million in “Change in Accounts payable and accrued expenses, deferred revenue, other current liabilities and other liabilities - noncurrent.”

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash effective January 1, 2018, which requires retrospective adjustment to all periods. There were no adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the addition of the reconciliation of restricted cash.

Risks and Uncertainties — We plan to develop and construct our Entertainment Golf business through long term ground leases, land acquisition and redevelopment of existing golf courses and other similar customary real estate agreements. Developing new Entertainment Golf venues requires a significant amount of time and resources and poses a number of risks. Construction of new venues may result in cost overruns, delays or unanticipated expenses related to zoning or tax laws. We face competition for potential site locations. Desirable sites may be unavailable or expensive, and the markets in which new venues are located may deteriorate over time. Additionally, the market potential of venues cannot be precisely determined, and our venues may face competition in new markets from unexpected sources. Constructed venues may not perform up to our expectations. For additional information, see Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors - Risk Related to Our Business.”

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Comprehensive Income — Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. For the Company's purposes, comprehensive income represents primarily net income, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-sale. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, accumulated other comprehensive income included net unrealized gain on securities of $1.7 and $1.9 million, respectively.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Golf Operations

Entertainment Golf — Revenue from bay play, events, and other operating activities (consisting primarily of instruction and merchandise sales) is generally recognized at a point in time which is at the time of sale, when services are rendered and collectibility is probable.

Traditional Golf — Revenue from green fees, cart rentals, merchandise sales and other operating activities (consisting primarily of range income, banquets and club amenities) is generally recognized at a point in time which is at the time of sale, when services are rendered and collectibility is probable.

Revenue from membership dues for private club members and The Players Club members is recognized in the month earned. Membership dues received in advance are included in deferred revenue and recognized as revenue ratably over the appropriate period, which is generally twelve months or less for private club members and the following month for The Players Club members. The membership dues are generally structured to cover the club operating costs and membership services.

Private country club members generally pay an advance initiation fee deposit upon their acceptance as a member to the respective country club. Initiation fee deposits are refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance as a member. The difference between the initiation fee deposit paid by the member and the present value of the refund obligation is deferred and recognized into revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the expected life of an active membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The determination of the estimated average expected life of an active membership requires significant judgment and is based on company-specific historical membership addition and attrition data. The present value of the refund obligation is recorded as a membership deposit liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and accretes over a 30-year nonrefundable term using the effective interest method. This accretion is recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue from the reimbursement of certain operating costs incurred at the Company’s managed Traditional Golf properties is recognized at the time the associated operating costs are incurred as collectibility is probable per the terms of the management contracts and the repayment histories of the property owners.

Sales of Food and Beverages — Revenue from food and beverage sales are recorded at the time of sale, net of discounts.

Realized and Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Investments and Other Income (Loss), Net — These items are comprised of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
(Gain) on settlement of real estate securities	$	—		$	—		$	(2,345	)
Loss on settlement of real estate securities	—			—			2,803
Realized (gain) loss on settlement of non-hedge derivatives, net	—			(227		)	4,669
(Gain) loss on settlement of loans held-for-sale	—			—			(12		)
Unrealized loss on securities, intent-to-sell	—			—			558
Unrealized loss (gain) on non-hedge derivative instruments	—			96			570
Realized and unrealized loss (gain) on investments	$	—		$	(131	)	$	6,243


Gain (loss) on sale of long-lived assets and intangibles	$	19,338		$	8,704		$	(295	)
(Loss) on lease modifications and terminations	—			(939		)	(161		)
(Loss) on extinguishment of debt, net	(230		)	(1,542		)	(294		)
Collateral management fee income, net	440			575			387
Equity in earnings of equity method investments	1,381			1,471			1,536
Other (loss) (A)	(53		)	(5,389		)	(1,079		)
Other income, net	$	20,876		$	2,880		$	94


(A)	During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a net loss of approximately $4.9 million related to the settlement of a legal dispute and a related discharge of liabilities assumed by the counterparty to the settlement. See Note 13 for additional information.

Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Into Net Income — During the year ended December 31, 2017, a $2.3 million gain on settlement of real estate securities was reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income or AOCI into net income, and recorded in "Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on investments" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no reclassifications from AOCI into net income during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

EXPENSE RECOGNITION

Operating Expenses — Operating expenses consist primarily of payroll, utilities, repairs and maintenance, supplies, marketing, technology support and operating lease rent expense. A majority of the properties and related facilities are leased under long-term operating leases. See Note 6 for additional information.

General and Administrative Expense — General and administrative expense consists of costs associated with corporate and administrative functions that support development and operations.

Pre-Opening Costs — Pre-opening costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of employee payroll, marketing expenses, operating lease costs, travel and related expenses, training costs, food, beverage and other restaurant operating expenses incurred prior to opening an Entertainment Golf venue.

Deferred Costs — Deferred costs consist primarily of costs incurred in obtaining financing which are amortized into interest expense over the term of such financing using either the straight-line basis or the interest method. Deferred financing costs are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability.

Interest Expense, Net — The Company financed Traditional Golf and Corporate using both fixed and floating rate debt, including mortgage loans and other financing vehicles. Certain of this debt has been issued at a discount. Discounts are accreted into interest expense on the effective yield or interest method, based upon a comparison of actual and expected cash flows, through the expected maturity date of the financing. See Note 10 for additional information.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense — The Company maintains an equity incentive plan under which non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, and restricted stock units or RSUs are granted to employees and non-employee directors. Stock options and RSUs are expensed based on the fair value on the date of grant and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of RSUs is determined using the stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Unvested stock options and RSUs are forfeited by non-employee directors upon their departure from the board of directors and forfeited by employees upon their termination. All stock-based compensation expense is recorded as general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. See Note 11 for additional information.

BALANCE SHEET MEASUREMENT

Property and Equipment, Net — Real estate acquired, related improvements and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs that both materially add value to an asset and extend the useful life of an asset by more than a year are capitalized which may include significant renovations, remodels and major repairs. Costs that do not meet this criteria, such as minor repairs and routine maintenance, are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the lesser of the following estimated useful lives or the lease term:



Buildings and improvements	10-40 years
Finance leases - equipment	2-6 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	2-7 years

The Company leases certain golf carts and other equipment that are classified as finance leases. The value of finance leases is recorded as an asset on the balance sheet, along with a liability related to the present value of associated payments. Depreciation of finance lease assets is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives or the expected lease terms. The cost of equipment under finance leases is recorded in "Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments under the leases are treated as reductions of the obligations under finance leases, with a portion being recorded as interest expense under the effective interest method.

Real Estate, Held-for-Sale — Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, which meet certain criteria, are reclassified to real estate held-for-sale and measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs of sale. The Company suspends depreciation and amortization for assets held-for-sale. Subsequent changes to the estimated fair value less costs to sell could impact the measurement of assets held-for-sale. Decreases below carrying value are recognized as an impairment loss and recorded in "Impairment and other losses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. To the extent the fair value increases, any previously reported impairment is reversed to the extent of any impairment taken. Real estate held-for-sale is recorded in “Real estate assets, held-for-sale, net” and “Real estate liabilities, held-for-sale” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Real Estate Securities — The Company invested in securities, including real estate related asset backed securities which are classified as available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale are carried at market value with the net unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, to the extent impairment losses are considered temporary. At disposition, the net realized gain or loss is determined on the basis of the cost of the specific investments and is included in earnings. Unrealized losses on securities are charged to earnings if there is an intent to sell or if they reflect a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. Income on these securities is recognized using a level yield methodology based upon a number of cash flow assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies.

Impairment of Securities — The Company continually evaluates securities for impairment. Securities are considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired, for financial reporting purposes, whenever there has been a probable adverse change in the timing or amounts of expected cash flows. The Company must record a write-down if it has the intent to sell a given security in an unrealized loss position, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell such a security. Upon determination of impairment, the Company records a direct write-down for securities based on the estimated fair value of the security or underlying collateral using a discounted cash flow analysis or based on an observable market value. Actual losses may differ from the Company’s estimates.

Leasing Arrangements — The Company evaluates at lease inception whether an arrangement is or contains a lease by providing the Company with the right to control an asset. Operating leases are accounted for on the balance sheet with the Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities recognized in "Operating lease right-of-use assets," "Other current liabilities" and "Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease ROU assets, current lease liabilities and noncurrent lease liabilities are recognized in "Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation," and "Obligations under finance leases" and "Credit facilities and obligations under finance leases - noncurrent" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

All lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the associated payments, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for a similar term and in a similar economic environment on a collateralized basis. ROU assets, for both operating and finance leases, are initially measured based on the lease liability, adjusted for initial direct costs, prepaid rent, and lease incentives received and are subsequently amortized into lease cost on a straight-line basis. Depreciation of the finance lease ROU assets are subsequently calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives or the expected lease terms and recorded in "Depreciation and amortization" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In addition to the fixed minimum payments required under the lease arrangements, certain leases require variable lease payments, which are payment of the excess of various percentages of gross revenue or net operating income over the minimum rental payments as well as payment of taxes assessed against the leased property. The leases generally also require the payment for the cost of insurance and maintenance. Variable lease payments are recognized when the associated activity occurs and contingency is resolved.

The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all lease contracts.

Intangibles, Net — Intangible assets and liabilities consist primarily of management contracts, membership base and internally-developed software. The management contract intangible represents the Company’s golf course management contracts for both leased and managed properties. The management contract intangible for leased and managed properties was valued using the discounted cash flow method under the income approach and is amortized over the term of the underlying lease or management agreements, respectively. The membership base intangible represents the Company’s relationship with its private country club members. The membership base intangible was valued using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach, and is amortized over the expected life of an active membership. Internally-developed software represents proprietary software developed for the Company’s exclusive use. Internally-developed software is amortized over the expected useful life of the software.

Amortization of intangible assets is included within depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of all intangible assets is calculated using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:



Trade name	30 years
Management contracts	2 - 26 years
Internally-developed software	3 - 5 years
Membership base	7 years
Liquor licenses	Nonamortizable

Impairment of Long-lived Assets — The Company periodically reviews the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets, including real estate held-for-use and held-for-sale, as well as finite-lived intangible assets and right-of-use assets, to determine whether current events or circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The assessment of recoverability is based on management’s estimates by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated by the underlying asset, or other appropriate grouping of assets, to its carrying value to determine whether an impairment existed at its lowest level of identifiable cash flows. If the carrying amount is greater than the expected undiscounted cash flows, the assets are considered impaired and an impairment is recognized to the extent the carrying value of such asset exceeds its fair value. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows using an appropriate discount rate.

Membership Deposit Liabilities — Private country club members in our Traditional Golf business generally pay an advance initiation fee deposit upon their acceptance as a member to the respective country club. Initiation fee deposits are refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance as a member. The difference between the initiation fee deposit paid by the member and the present value of the refund obligation is deferred and recognized into Golf operations revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the expected life of an active membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The present value of the refund obligation is recorded as a membership deposit liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and accretes over a 30-year nonrefundable term using the effective interest method. This accretion is recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other Investment — The Company owns an approximately 22% economic interest in a limited liability company which owns preferred equity in a commercial entertainment and retail real estate project. The Company accounts for this investment as an equity method investment. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of this investment was $24.0 million and $22.6 million, respectively. The Company evaluates its equity method investment for other than temporary impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. The evaluation of recoverability is based on management’s assessment of the financial condition and near term prospects of the real estate project, the length of time and the extent to which the market value of the investment has been less than cost, availability and cost of financing, demand for space, competition for tenants, guest visits, changes in market rental rates, and net operating results. As these factors are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter management’s assumptions, the values estimated by management in its recoverability analyses may not be realized, and actual losses or impairment may be realized in the future. As the fair value inputs utilized are unobservable, the Company determined that the significant inputs used to value this real estate investment falls within Level 3 for fair value reporting.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash — The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Substantially all amounts on deposit with major financial institutions exceed insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in the accounts and believe that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk because the accounts are at major financial institutions. Restricted cash consisted of:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
CDO trustee accounts	$	114	$	127
Restricted cash for construction-in-progress	1,536		2,008
Restricted cash - Traditional Golf	1,656		1,266
Restricted cash - Entertainment Golf	235		183
Restricted cash, current and noncurrent	$	3,541	$	3,584

Accounts Receivable, Net — Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1.1 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon several factors including the length of time the receivables are past due, historical payment trends and current economic factors. Collateral is generally not required. The allowance for doubtful accounts increased by $0.1 million and by $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other Current Assets

The following table summarizes the Company's other current assets:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
Managed property receivables	5,426		4,225
Prepaid expenses	3,608		2,651
Deposits	1,374		2,494
Inventory	2,762		2,855
Miscellaneous current assets, net	4,351		8,280
Other current assets	$	17,521	$	20,505

Other Assets

The following table summarizes the Company's other assets:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
Prepaid expenses	$	317	$	277
Deposits	2,123		2,140
Miscellaneous assets, net	2,283		6,267
Other assets	$	4,723	$	8,684

Managed Property Receivables – Managed property receivables consists of amounts due from Traditional Golf managed properties.

Prepaid Expenses – Prepaid expenses consists primarily of prepaid insurance and prepaid rent and are expensed over the usage period of the goods or services.

Deposits – Deposits consist primarily of property lease security deposits.

Inventory – Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories consist primarily of food, beverages and merchandise for sale.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses — Accounts payable reflect expenses related to goods and services received that have not yet been paid and accrued expenses reflect expenses related to goods received and services performed for which invoices have not yet been received.

Deferred Revenue — Payments received in advance of the performance of services are recorded as deferred revenue until the services are performed.

Other Current Liabilities

The following table summarizes the Company's other current liabilities:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
Security deposits payable	$	—	$	14,188
Operating lease liabilities	16,922		—
Accrued rent	2,769		2,885
Dividends payable	930		930
Miscellaneous current liabilities	3,343		4,282
Other current liabilities	$	23,964	$	22,285

Other Liabilities

The following table summarizes the Company's other liabilities:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
Service obligation intangible	$	1,776	$	2,759
Accrued rent	—		1,617
Miscellaneous liabilities	1,502		856
Other liabilities	$	3,278	$	5,232

Security Deposits Payable – Security deposits payable relate to deposits received for events and other activities at Traditional Golf properties.

Operating Lease Liabilities – Operating lease liabilities relate to ground leases and/or related facilities and office leases. See Note 6 for additional information

Service Obligation Intangible – Service obligation intangible relates to the Company's obligation to operate leased golf properties that were expected to generate losses as part of the Traditional Golf acquisition.

Accrued Rent – Accrued rent primarily relates to amounts accrued or owed for variable lease costs.

Dividends Payable – Represents dividends declared but not paid.

Stock Options — The fair value of the options issued as compensation to FIG LLC (the former "Manager") for its successful efforts in raising capital for the Company was recorded as an increase in equity with an offsetting reduction of capital proceeds received. Stock options granted to the Company’s employees and non-employee directors were recorded as an increase in equity. See Note 11 for additional information.

Restricted Stock Units or RSUs — The fair value of the RSUs issued to the Company's employees and independent directors as part of annual compensation were recorded as an increase in equity. See Note 11 for additional information.

Preferred Stock — The Company’s accounting policy for its preferred stock is described in Note 11.

Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities related to the expected future tax consequences arising from temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applicable to the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recognized if the Company determines it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be recognized.

The Company recognizes tax benefits for uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are included as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 14 for additional information.

Amortization of Discount and Premium and Other Amortization — As reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, these items are comprised of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Accretion of net discount on securities, loans and other investments	$	(267	)	$	(151	)	$	(4,698	)
Amortization of net discount on debt obligations and deferred financing costs	(8		)	1,310			1,241
Amortization of discount and premium	$	(275	)	$	1,159		$	(3,457	)

Amortization of leasehold intangibles	$	—		$	4,093		$	4,111
Accretion of membership deposit liability	7,225			6,872			6,453
Other amortization	$	7,225		$	10,965		$	10,564

Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842). The standard requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet and addresses certain aspects of lessor accounting. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective approach. The Company utilized the effective date transition method and accordingly was not required to adjust its comparative period financial information for effects of ASU 2016-02. The Company elected to adopt practical expedients which permits it to not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs under the new standard. The Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all lease contracts and also elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms of 12 months or less. The Company also elected to adopt the practical expedient for land easements which permits it not to evaluate existing and expired land easements under the new standard. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, resulting in the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of $225.6 million and $205.9 million, respectively, with the difference primarily due to reclassifications of leasehold intangibles and an adjustment to accumulated deficit. There was no material impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. For available-for-sale debt securities, entities will be required to record allowances rather than reduce the carrying amount under the other-than-temporary impairment model. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which clarifies that operating lease receivables accounted for under ASC 842 are not in the scope of this guidance. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which addresses certain fair value disclosure requirements, the measurement basis under the measurement alternative and which equity securities have to be remeasured at historical exchange rates. In May 2019, the FASB issued Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Targeted Transition Relief, which allows entities to elect to measure assets in the scope of ASC 326-20, using the fair value option when ASU 2016-13 is adopted. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses which makes several narrow-scope amendments to the new credit losses standard, including an amendment requiring entities to include certain expected recoveries of the amortized cost basis previously written off. The effective date of the standards will be for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities will apply the standard's provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company has identified the financial assets in the scope of the new standard and is developing methods to estimate current expected credit losses associated with these financial assets, and determining changes needed to control activities. The Company does not expect a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. The standard requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e., a hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets or expense as incurred. That guidance requires certain costs incurred during the application development stage to be capitalized and other costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages to be expensed as they are incurred. Capitalized implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement that is a service contract will be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, beginning when the module or component of the hosting arrangement is ready for its intended use. The effective date of the standard will be for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company early adopted the standard on October 1, 2019 applying the guidance prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after that date. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The standard removes certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim tax calculations and adds guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. The effective date of the standard will be for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The various amendments in the standard are applied on a retrospective basis, modified retrospective basis and prospective basis, depending on the amendment. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.