Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value Summary Table

The following table summarizes the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2021: 
June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Fair Value Method (A) Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value
Assets      
Real estate securities, available-for-sale $ 3,341  $ 3,341  Pricing models - Level 3 $ 3,223  $ 3,223 
Cash and cash equivalents 81,428  81,428    47,786  47,786 
Restricted cash, current and noncurrent 4,017  4,017    3,047  3,047 
Liabilities      
Junior subordinated notes payable $ 51,179  $ 25,465  Pricing models - Level 3 $ 51,182  $ 18,591 
Pricing models are used for (i) real estate securities that are not traded in an active market, and, therefore, have little or no price transparency, and for which significant unobservable inputs must be used in estimating fair value, or (ii) debt obligations which are private and not traded.
Fair Value Measurements

Valuation Hierarchy

The fair value of financial instruments is categorized based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique and categorized into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The Company follows this hierarchy for its financial instruments measured at fair value.

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
Level 2 - Valuations based principally on observable market parameters, including
quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets,
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals, implied volatilities and credit spreads), and
market corroborated inputs (derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data).
Level 3 - Valuations determined using unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, and that are significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The Company’s real estate securities and debt obligations are currently not traded in active markets and therefore have little or no price transparency. As a result, the Company has estimated the fair value of these illiquid instruments based on internal pricing models subject to the Company’s controls described below.

The Company has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value measurements are reasonably estimated. With respect to broker and pricing service quotations, and in order to ensure these quotes represent a reasonable estimate of fair value, the Company’s quarterly procedures include a comparison of such quotations to quotations from different sources, outputs generated from its internal pricing models and transactions completed, as well as on its knowledge and experience of these markets. With respect to fair value estimates generated based on the Company’s internal pricing models, the Company’s management validates the inputs and outputs of the internal pricing models by comparing them to available independent third-party market parameters and models, where available, for reasonableness. The Company believes its valuation methods and the assumptions used are appropriate and consistent with other market participants.
Fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 are sensitive to changes in the assumptions or methodologies used to determine fair value and such changes could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value. For the Company’s
investments in real estate securities categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the significant unobservable inputs include the discount rates, assumptions relating to prepayments, default rates and loss severities.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following table provides quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used by the Company for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2021:
      Significant Inputs
Asset Type Amortized Cost Basis Fair Value Discount
Rate
Prepayment
Speed
Cumulative Default Rate Loss
Severity
ABS - Non-Agency RMBS $ 2,014  $ 3,341  10.0  % 7.5  % 2.7  % 65.0  %

All of the inputs used have some degree of market observability, based on the Company’s knowledge of the market, relationships with market participants, and use of common market data sources. Collateral prepayment, default and loss severity projections are in the form of “curves” or “vectors” that vary for each monthly collateral cash flow projection. Methods used to develop these projections vary by asset class but conform to industry conventions. The Company uses assumptions that generate its best estimate of future cash flows of each respective security.

Real estate securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs changed during the six months ended June 30, 2021 as follows:
  ABS - Non-Agency RMBS
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 3,223 
Total gains (losses) (A)  
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) (142)
Amortization included in interest income 272 
Purchases, sales and repayments (A)  
Proceeds (12)
Balance at June 30, 2021 $ 3,341 

(A) There were no purchases, sales or transfers into or out of Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Liabilities for Which Fair Value is Only Disclosed
 
The following table summarizes the level of the fair value hierarchy, valuation techniques and inputs used for estimating each class of liabilities not measured at fair value in the statement of financial position but for which fair value is disclosed:
Type of Liabilities Not Measured At Fair Value for Which Fair Value Is Disclosed Fair Value Hierarchy Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs
Junior subordinated notes payable Level 3 Valuation technique is based on discounted cash flows. Significant inputs include:
l Amount and timing of expected future cash flows
l Interest rates
l Market yields and the credit spread of the Company